Jean Dubuffet
French painter, sculptor, and art theorist
A French painter and sculptor, contributed significantly to the development of the Art Brut movement, emphasizing art created outside the boundaries of the traditional art world. Developed his own unique style characterized by bold colors, raw materials, and non-traditional techniques. Founded the Compagnie de l'Art Brut in 1948 to promote artworks by self-taught artists. His work often reflected themes of the subconscious and irrationality, challenging established norms in art. Dubuffet's art became increasingly recognized and influential in the mid-20th century, culminating in retrospectives and exhibitions in major galleries.
Founding the Art Brut movement
Creating works like 'Le Metafisicien'
Establishing the Compagnie de l'Art Brut
Other People Born on July 31st
Whitney Young
American civil rights activist
Born
July 31st, 1921 104 years ago
Died
March 11th, 1971 54 years ago — 49 years old
A prominent civil rights leader, played a crucial role in advancing social justice and equality through the Urban League. Focused on expanding economic opportunities for African Americans, emphasized the importance of economic empowerment as a means to achieve civil rights. Worked closely with various organizations and governmental entities to influence policy. Made significant efforts in desegregating schools and workplaces, advocating for fair housing and employment practices. His leadership in the civil rights movement contributed to legislative advancements.
Continue ReadingGeorge Henry Thomas
Union General in the American Civil War
Born
July 31st, 1816 209 years ago
Died
March 28th, 1870 155 years ago — 53 years old
A prominent Union general during the American Civil War, played a crucial role in several significant battles. Graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1840 and initially served in the Mexican-American War. Commanded Union forces at the Battle of Chickamauga and the Battle of Nashville, where decisive victories were achieved against Confederate troops. Earned the nickname 'Rock of Chickamauga' for steadfastness during the Battle of Chickamauga. After the war, served in various military roles, including overseeing the Department of the Cumberland.
Continue ReadingJohn Ericsson
Swedish-American engineer and inventor
Born
July 31st, 1803 222 years ago
Died
March 8th, 1889 136 years ago — 85 years old
Swedish-American engineer and inventor contributed significantly to naval engineering and mechanical design. Developed the first practical marine screw propeller, which transformed naval architecture. Engineered the ironclad warship USS Monitor during the American Civil War, notable for its battle against the CSS Virginia. His work in steam power included the design of various ships and improvements in engine efficiency.
Continue ReadingJohn Chiang
California State Controller and lawyer
Born
July 31st, 1962 63 years ago
Born in 1962, served as the 31st California State Controller from 2007 to 2015, overseeing the state's financial operations. Worked as a lawyer and held the position of California State Treasurer from 2015 to 2019. Played a significant role in the implementation of the state's financial policies and budgeting processes, contributing to the management of California's economy during his terms in office.
Continue ReadingHilary Putnam
Philosopher and computer science innovator
Born
July 31st, 1926 99 years ago
Died
March 13th, 2016 9 years ago — 89 years old
Contributions spanned philosophy, mathematics, and computer science. Challenged traditional views of mind and language. Developed influential ideas in functionalism and semantics. Engaged in discussions on the philosophy of mind and artificial intelligence. Published extensively, including works such as 'Reason, Truth and History' and 'Mind, Language and Reality'. Made significant contributions to the philosophy of mathematics and the philosophy of science. Led professional organizations and served in prominent academic roles.
Continue ReadingPrimo Levi
Italian chemist and Holocaust author
Born
July 31st, 1919 106 years ago
Died
April 11th, 1987 38 years ago — 67 years old
A chemist and writer, recognized for literary works exploring personal experiences during the Holocaust. Published the memoir 'Survival in Auschwitz,' detailing experiences in the concentration camp, and the book 'The Periodic Table,' which combines chemistry and memoir, reflecting on life through elements. Contributed to literature with essays and fiction, deeply influenced by the events of World War II.
Continue ReadingOther People Who Died on May 12th
Erik Erikson
Psychologist known for psychosocial theory
Born
June 15th, 1902 123 years ago
Died
May 12th, 1994 31 years ago — 91 years old
Contributed to the field of psychology and psychoanalysis with a focus on human development. Developed the psychosocial stages of development theory, which outlines eight key conflicts that shape personality across the lifespan. Worked with Anna Freud and contributed to ego psychology. Authored influential books including 'Childhood and Society' and 'Identity: Youth and Crisis', which explored identity development and the impact of society on personal growth. Taught at prestigious institutions including Harvard University and the University of California, Berkeley, influencing a generation of psychologists.
Continue ReadingFrances Marion
American screenwriter and novelist
Born
November 18th, 1888 137 years ago
Died
May 12th, 1973 52 years ago — 84 years old
A prominent screenwriter and novelist, contributed significantly to the early film industry in Hollywood. Marion began her career writing for silent films and transitioned into sound films, establishing a reputation for her compelling narratives and strong female characters. She won two Academy Awards for Best Screenplay for 'The Big House' in 1930 and 'The Champ' in 1931. Besides screenwriting, she authored novels and worked as a journalist. Marion's contributions to cinema and literature highlighted the potential of women in creative fields during a transformative period in American arts.
Continue ReadingÖmer Kavur
Turkish director of 'Yusuf ile Kenan'
Born
1944 82 years ago
Died
May 12th, 2005 20 years ago — 61 years old
A director, producer, and screenwriter contributed to Turkish cinema, focusing on complex narratives and deep character studies. Best recognized for the film 'Yusuf ile Kenan', this director received acclaim for storytelling that delves into social issues. Additionally, worked on various other cinematic projects throughout the career, enhancing the cinematic landscape of Turkey. The body of work has been influential in shaping modern Turkish film.
Continue ReadingArt Pollard
Race car driver and Indy 500 competitor
Born
1927 99 years ago
Died
May 12th, 1973 52 years ago — 46 years old
Pollard was an American race car driver who participated in various American open-wheel racing events during the 1960s and early 1970s. Most notable was participation in the Indianapolis 500, where he competed several times between 1965 and 1973. His racing career included not only open-wheel racing but also endurance events, showcasing versatility in motorsport. Tragically, Pollard's life was cut short in a crash during a practice session for the 1973 Indy 500.
Continue ReadingAntonio Vega
Spanish singer-songwriter and guitarist
Born
December 16th, 1957 68 years ago
Died
May 12th, 2009 16 years ago — 51 years old
A prominent figure in Spanish music, this artist emerged in the 1980s as a key member of the band Nash, contributing significantly to the Spanish rock scene. Later, he launched a solo career that highlighted personal and introspective songwriting. His debut solo album, 'No Existen Técnicas para Olvidar,' showcased a blend of pop and rock layers. The artist's poetic lyrics often tackled themes of love and loss, resonating deeply with audiences. Collaborations with various musicians and participation in musical events further established a lasting legacy in the genre. Despite personal struggles, this musician continued to produce heartfelt music until his passing in 2009.
Continue ReadingLorenzo Zambrano
Businessman and philanthropist
Born
1944 82 years ago
Died
May 12th, 2014 11 years ago — 70 years old
A prominent Mexican businessman led Cemex, a global leader in the construction industry. Under leadership, Cemex expanded its operations worldwide, becoming a major player in cement and building materials. The company executed strategic acquisitions and developed innovative business models, enhancing its market position. In addition to business ventures, engaged in philanthropic efforts focused on education, health, and community development through various initiatives.
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