Joseph II
Holy Roman Emperor and Reformer
Born
March 13th, 1741
284 years ago
Died
February 20th, 1790
235 years ago — 48 years old
Category
Leaders & Politicians
Country
Austria
Links & References
Ruled as Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 until death in 1790. Engaged in numerous administrative and social reforms aimed at modernizing the empire. Advocated for religious tolerance and the reduction of the power of the Catholic Church. Implemented policies that centralized governance and promoted education. His reign was characterized by conflicts with various territories and resistance to reforms from traditional structures.
Issued the Edict of Toleration in 1781
Abolished serfdom in 1781
Other People Born on March 13th
Hans Gude
Born in 1825, a prominent painter specialized in landscapes, primarily influenced by the Romantic movement. Studied at the Düsseldorf Academy, where the works of Caspar David Friedrich inspired artistic direction. Became an academic, teaching at the Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin. His work primarily captured the beauty of Norwegian scenery, showcasing lakes, mountains, and dramatic skies. Contributed significantly to the Nordic landscape genre, developing a distinct style that emphasized the interplay of light and natural elements. Many of the paintings reflect an intimate connection with nature, often depicting winter scenes and fjords.
Continue ReadingJohann Wilhelm Weinmann
A prominent botanist and plant illustrator contributed significantly to the field of botany in the 18th century. Authored 'Phytanthoza Iconographia,' a comprehensive work on the flora of tropical and subtropical regions. This influential publication featured detailed illustrations of various plant species, aiding in the identification and classification of plants during a time of growing interest in botanical studies. Established a legacy through meticulous botanical studies that combined art and science.
Continue ReadingJacque Fresco
An engineer and social inventor focused on designing sustainable cities and a resource-based economy. Developed The Venus Project, which presents a vision for a potential sustainable future through innovative technology and urban planning concepts. Advocated for the redesign of society based on rationality, efficiency, and sustainability. Worked towards raising awareness about social issues and the potential for human advancement through integrative engineering solutions.
Continue ReadingTom Danielson
Born in 1978, a professional cyclist competed primarily in road racing. Achieved recognition in the United States cycling circuits and participated in several international tours. Claimed victories in multiple stages during notable races, showcasing endurance and strategic prowess. Contributed to team successes and earned respect in the cycling community for remarkable climbing ability.
Continue ReadingEmile Hirsch
An American actor emerged in the early 2000s, gaining prominence for roles in various films. Rose to acclaim with the lead role in 'Into the Wild', directed by Sean Penn, showcasing a compelling story of adventure and self-discovery. Appeared in 'Alpha Dog', portraying the real-life figure Jesse James Hollywood, and starred in 'The Girl Next Door'. Other notable performances include roles in 'Lone Survivor' and 'Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'. Involved in independent films and received several awards for performances, including nominations at the Critics' Choice Awards.
Continue ReadingRoy Haynes
A prominent jazz drummer and composer with a career spanning over seven decades. Began performing in the 1940s and gained recognition for innovative techniques and unique rhythmic styles. Collaborated with legendary artists such as Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, and Chick Corea. Played with various ensembles and led his own groups, significantly influencing the evolution of jazz drumming. Recorded numerous albums, showcasing a blend of modern jazz and traditional elements. Continued to perform actively into advanced age, contributing to the art form.
Continue ReadingOther People Who Died on February 20th
Solomon Asch
A psychologist focused on social psychology, particularly known for the experiments on conformity in the 1950s. The Asch conformity experiments demonstrated the influence of group pressure on individual judgment. This research contributed significantly to understanding social influence and perception. Throughout an academic career, held a faculty position at Swarthmore College and published numerous influential articles on topics related to social perception, group dynamics, and attitude formation.
Continue ReadingChester W. Nimitz
Served as a Fleet Admiral in the United States Navy during World War II. Played a significant role in naval operations in the Pacific Theater, including the Battle of Midway. After the war, acted as Chief of Naval Operations, overseeing the expansion of the Navy during the early Cold War. Contributed to maritime strategy and modern naval policy.
Continue ReadingMichał Waszyński
A prominent figure in Polish cinema, this individual directed and produced films primarily during the interwar period and post-World War II. Contributions include work on notable films such as 'The Last Day of Summer' and 'The Broken Hearts'. The individual also produced several successful adaptations and collaborated with many influential Polish artists of the time. His career spanned various genres, showcasing a commitment to exploring complex themes within society through cinema, becoming a respected figure in the industry.
Continue ReadingWashakie
A prominent leader among the Shoshone tribe in the 19th century. Played a vital role in negotiating treaties with the United States government, advocating for the rights and land of the Shoshone people. Led his people during conflicts with settlers and other tribes, notably during the Bear River Massacre. Established a relationship with Ulysses S. Grant and worked towards the betterment of his tribe through education and resource management. Washakie's leadership contributed to the preservation of Shoshone culture and territory.
Continue ReadingToru Takemitsu
A prominent Japanese composer, pianist, and guitarist, this individual contributed significantly to contemporary classical music. Born in 1930, began composing in the 1950s, incorporating elements of traditional Japanese music and Western classical forms. Collaborated with various notable musicians and artists throughout the career, including conducting performances of own compositions. The work 'Corona for Strings' received particular acclaim, showcasing innovative orchestration and the blending of styles. Additionally, composed film scores, enhancing cinematic storytelling in numerous Japanese films. Earned a distinguished reputation in both the national and international music scenes before passing in 1996.
Continue ReadingLaura Bassi
Contributed to the development of physics and experimental science in the 18th century. Became the first woman to earn a degree in physics in Italy. Held a position at the University of Bologna, where taught for decades. Conducted experiments and published findings on topics such as hydraulics and mechanics, influencing future generations of scientists.
Continue Reading