Malcolm IV of Scotland

Scottish King and monarch during turmoil

Malcolm IV of Scotland - Scottish King and monarch during turmoil
Born

1141
884 years ago

Died

December 9th, 1165
859 years ago — 24 years old

Category

Leaders & Politicians

Country

Scotland

Links & References

Ascended to the throne at a young age, ruling Scotland from 1153 until death in 1165. His reign was marked by efforts to strengthen royal authority amidst ongoing conflicts with both internal barons and external threats from England. His rule experienced significant challenges, including maintaining control over Scotland's feudal nobles. Some attempts were made to assert Scottish independence during his reign. Malcolm IV also established a grant of lands to the Abbey of Dunfermline, which strengthened the church's influence.

Reign as King of Scotland from 1153 to 1165

Establishing the Abbey of Dunfermline

Other People Who Died on December 9th

Lilias Armstrong

English phonetician and linguist
Born
September 29th, 1882 142 years ago
Died
December 9th, 1937 87 years ago — 55 years old

Contributions to the field of phonetics focused on the English language. Authored influential works including 'Accents of English' and 'A Handbook of Phonetics'. Engaged in research and taught at various institutions, helping to shape the study of spoken language. Participated in the development of phonetic transcription systems and worked on enhancing the understanding of English pronunciation.

Continue Reading

Pope Clement IX

Pope; presided over the Papacy
Born
1600 425 years ago
Died
December 9th, 1669 355 years ago — 69 years old

Served as Pope from 1667 until death in 1669. His papacy was marked by efforts to promote peace within Europe and address the cultural and political challenges of the time. He played a role in the reconciliation of various factions within the Catholic Church and sought to harmonize relations with different European powers. His tenure witnessed the continuation of the Counter-Reformation efforts initiated by previous Popes. Notably, he oversaw the completion of the new Santa Maria Maggiore basilica in Rome.

Continue Reading

Yolande de Polastron

French educator and writer
Born
September 8th, 1749 275 years ago
Died
December 9th, 1793 231 years ago — 44 years old

Born in 1749, this individual contributed significantly to the field of education in France. Active during the Enlightenment, this educator focused on improving education for girls and emphasized the importance of literature and the arts. In addition to writing educational materials, this individual founded a school that provided a comprehensive curriculum for female students. The influence of this work resonated throughout France and laid groundwork for future educational reforms.

Continue Reading

Enoch L. Johnson

American mob boss overseeing operations
Born
January 20th, 1883 142 years ago
Died
December 9th, 1968 56 years ago — 85 years old

Played a significant role in organized crime in New Jersey during the mid-20th century. Led the North Jersey faction of the Genovese crime family and was involved in various illegal activities, including extortion, racketeering, and loan sharking. His leadership contributed to the expansion and consolidation of mob operations in the region. Johnson's influence extended over local unions and businesses, ensuring significant control over lucrative sectors such as construction and labor. In 1956, he was convicted on charges of conspiracy, which marked a notable moment in the law enforcement efforts against organized crime.

Continue Reading

Georges Dufrénoy

French painter and academic
Born
June 20th, 1870 154 years ago
Died
December 9th, 1943 81 years ago — 73 years old

A painter and academic active in the early to mid-20th century. Associated with the Fauvism movement, contributed to the development of modern French painting. Served as a professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, influencing a generation of artists. Engaged with various artistic styles, maintaining a focus on landscape and portrait painting throughout the career.

Continue Reading

Rafael Sperafico

Brazilian race car driver
Born
1981 44 years ago
Died
December 9th, 2007 17 years ago — 26 years old

Competed in Formula 3000 and various touring car championships. Achieved notable success in the Brazilian stock car series, securing several victories and establishing a reputation as a competitive driver. Tragically passed away in an accident during a race in 2007, leaving behind a legacy in the motorsport community.

Continue Reading