Nikolai Kardashev

Astrophysicist and scale creator

Nikolai Kardashev - Astrophysicist and scale creator
Born

April 25th, 1932
93 years ago

Died

2019
6 years ago — 87 years old

Category

Scientists & Innovators

Country

Russia

Links & References

Contributions to astrophysics focused on the classification of civilizations based on their energy consumption led to the creation of the Kardashev Scale. This scale categorizes civilizations into Type I, II, and III based on their ability to harness energy from their home planet, star, and galaxy, respectively. Worked at the Institute of Space Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Engaged in studies related to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence and the structure of the universe. Published extensively on cosmology and a variety of scientific subjects, influencing both academic circles and the popular understanding of advanced civilizations.

Development of the Kardashev Scale

Research on extraterrestrial intelligence

Publication of works on cosmology

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