Pope Callixtus II
Pope and advocate of Catholic reforms
Born
1065
960 years ago
Died
December 13th, 1124
900 years ago — 59 years old
Category
Leaders & Politicians
Country
Vatican City
Links & References
Served as pope from 1119 until death in 1124. Worked to address issues within the Church and established the foundation for the centralization of papal authority. Advocated for peace and negotiated the Treaty of Xanten, which aimed to resolve conflict in the Holy Roman Empire. Encouraged the spread of the Church's influence in Europe and played a role in the Second Crusade's planning. Contributed to the development of canon law and liturgical practices within the Church.
Negotiated the Treaty of Xanten
Instituted reforms in the Catholic Church
Other People Who Died on December 13th
Mahmud I
Reigned as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754. Mahmud I's rule followed a turbulent period marked by military losses and political strife. He initiated reforms focusing on strengthening the empire's military capabilities. Under his leadership, the empire engaged in warfare against Russia, particularly during the Russo-Turkish War of 1736-1739, resulting in significant territorial negotiations. Mahmud I is also noted for enhancing the architectural landscape of Istanbul, including the construction of various mosques and public works. His reign marked a period of relative stability and consolidation after previous conflicts.
Continue ReadingBertold of Regensburg
A prominent preacher during the medieval period, known for eloquent sermons delivered across German-speaking regions. Played a crucial role in the spread of mendicant preaching after joining the Franciscan order. Focused on moral issues and spiritual renewal, touching on both social and religious topics. Established a reputation for passionate delivery and dedicated outreach to various communities. Lasting influence on medieval Christian thought and practice is evident in the writings and recordings of his sermons.
Continue ReadingAlexander Selkirk
A Scottish sailor, notable for being marooned on a deserted island in the South Pacific for four years. This experience served as the inspiration for Daniel Defoe's novel 'Robinson Crusoe.' Selkirk's tale reflects survival skills and challenges encountered during isolation. After being rescued, Selkirk returned to England, where he recounted his adventures. The story of his life prompted discussions on solitude, adventure, and human resilience, influencing literature and explorations.
Continue ReadingJohn Raymond Hubbell
Involved in the early development of American musical theater, contributed significantly as a director and composer. Worked extensively in both film and theater, shaping the performing arts landscape of the time. Developed a reputation for innovative theatrical productions and musical compositions that resonated with audiences during the mid-20th century. His works included adaptations of popular stories and original musicals, displaying a keen sense of rhythm and melody.
Continue ReadingMehmet Nadir
Contributed significantly to the field of mathematics in the early 20th century. Engaged in academic activities and published works that enhanced mathematical understanding in Turkey. Focused on various mathematical theories and applications, influencing future generations of mathematicians. Held positions in educational institutions, advocating for improved mathematics education.
Continue ReadingSmita Patil
An Indian actress and journalist, celebrated for significant contributions to Indian cinema during the 1970s and 1980s. Gained recognition for performances in films such as 'Bhumika', 'Manthan', and 'The Burning Train'. Received the National Film Award for Best Actress twice. Involved in journalism and wrote for various publications, focusing on social issues and women's rights. Passed away in 1986 at the age of 31, leaving behind a legacy of strong, socially aware characters in film.
Continue Reading