Pope Callixtus II

Pope and advocate of Catholic reforms

Pope Callixtus II - Pope and advocate of Catholic reforms
Born

1065
960 years ago

Died

December 13th, 1124
900 years ago — 59 years old

Category

Leaders & Politicians

Country

Vatican City

Links & References

Served as pope from 1119 until death in 1124. Worked to address issues within the Church and established the foundation for the centralization of papal authority. Advocated for peace and negotiated the Treaty of Xanten, which aimed to resolve conflict in the Holy Roman Empire. Encouraged the spread of the Church's influence in Europe and played a role in the Second Crusade's planning. Contributed to the development of canon law and liturgical practices within the Church.

Negotiated the Treaty of Xanten

Instituted reforms in the Catholic Church

Other People Who Died on December 13th

Wassily Kandinsky

Abstract painter and art theorist
Born
December 16th, 1866 158 years ago
Died
December 13th, 1944 80 years ago — 77 years old

An influential painter and theorist, this individual played a key role in the development of abstract art. Initially trained as a lawyer, the pivot to art occurred while residing in Munich. Early works reflected Impressionist and Post-Impressionist influences, but later compositions exhibited a segment of expressive colors and shapes independent of visual references. Authored several important texts, exploring the relationship between color and sound, and the meaning of abstraction. The individual's contributions were pivotal in shaping modern art movements such as Expressionism and Abstract Expressionism.

Continue Reading

John Raymond Hubbell

American director and composer
Born
1879 146 years ago
Died
December 13th, 1954 70 years ago — 75 years old

Involved in the early development of American musical theater, contributed significantly as a director and composer. Worked extensively in both film and theater, shaping the performing arts landscape of the time. Developed a reputation for innovative theatrical productions and musical compositions that resonated with audiences during the mid-20th century. His works included adaptations of popular stories and original musicals, displaying a keen sense of rhythm and melody.

Continue Reading

Alexander Selkirk

Scottish sailor and castaway
Born
1676 349 years ago
Died
December 13th, 1721 303 years ago — 45 years old

A Scottish sailor, notable for being marooned on a deserted island in the South Pacific for four years. This experience served as the inspiration for Daniel Defoe's novel 'Robinson Crusoe.' Selkirk's tale reflects survival skills and challenges encountered during isolation. After being rescued, Selkirk returned to England, where he recounted his adventures. The story of his life prompted discussions on solitude, adventure, and human resilience, influencing literature and explorations.

Continue Reading

Ella Baker

Civil Rights Activist and Leader
Born
December 13th, 1903 121 years ago
Died
December 13th, 1986 38 years ago — 83 years old

Born in 1903, significant contributions to the civil rights movement occurred throughout the mid-20th century. Assisted in the founding of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in 1960, emphasizing grassroots organizing and leadership development. Worked with organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Advocated for collective decision-making and empowerment within the African American community.

Continue Reading

Fritz Pregl

Nobel Prize-winning chemist
Born
September 3rd, 1869 155 years ago
Died
December 13th, 1930 94 years ago — 61 years old

This individual was a Slovenian chemist and physician who made significant contributions to analytical chemistry. The development of microanalysis techniques allowed for the precise measurement and analysis of chemical compounds in very small quantities. This innovation led to numerous advancements in the field of chemistry and life sciences. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1923 for work on quantitative organic microanalysis, the contributions have had lasting significance in research methodologies.

Continue Reading

Behçet Necatigil

Turkish poet and translator
Born
April 16th, 1916 108 years ago
Died
December 13th, 1979 45 years ago — 63 years old

An influential Turkish poet and translator, this individual made significant contributions to Turkish literature during the 20th century. Educational background included studying at Istanbul University in the Faculty of Literature. The poetry collection 'The Place to Go' garnered attention for its unique style and themes. Later, other major works included 'A Yearning for Memory', blending modernist influences with traditional Turkish forms. Additionally, this individual translated notable works from various languages into Turkish, enriching the literary landscape of the country.

Continue Reading