Pope Paul IV
Papacy and Roman Catholic reforms
Served as Pope from 1555 to 1559, implementing significant reforms within the Roman Catholic Church. Established the Roman Inquisition to combat heresy, reinforcing doctrinal authority. Contributed to the creation of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum, a list of prohibited books aimed at protecting the faith from corruption. Promoted the introduction of the Jewish ghetto in Rome, enforcing segregation of the Jewish population.
Established the Roman Inquisition
Created the Index Librorum Prohibitorum
Enforced the Roman Jewish ghetto
Other People Born on June 28th
Peter Paul Rubens
Flemish painter and diplomat known for Baroque art
Born
June 28th, 1577 448 years ago
Died
May 30th, 1640 385 years ago — 62 years old
A prominent Flemish painter and diplomat, this artist played a central role in the Baroque movement. Training under various masters, he developed a distinctive style characterized by vibrant colors and dynamic compositions. Rubens worked in various European courts and engaged in diplomatic missions on behalf of the Spanish crown. His works often depicted historical and mythological themes, merging classical influences with emotional intensity. His studio employed many assistants, helping produce a vast body of work that includes altarpieces, portraits, and landscapes. The artist's influence extended beyond his lifetime, shaping the direction of European painting.
Continue ReadingRobert Ledley
American academic and inventor of CT scanner
Born
June 28th, 1926 99 years ago
Died
July 24th, 2012 13 years ago — 86 years old
An academic and inventor contributed significantly to the field of medical imaging. Ledley developed the first commercial CT scanner, revolutionizing diagnostic radiology. In addition to his work on CT technology, he founded the Georgetown University Medical Center and engaged in research that combined computer science and medicine. He obtained numerous patents related to medical imaging and diagnostic tools, advancing the efficiency and accuracy of medical diagnoses. His academic contributions included teaching and mentoring students in medical and engineering disciplines.
Continue ReadingRaul Seixas
Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist
Born
June 28th, 1945 80 years ago
Died
August 21st, 1989 36 years ago — 44 years old
Born in Brazil, a prominent figure in Brazilian rock music, contributed significantly to the genre's evolution. Blended rock with Brazilian sounds and folk elements. Gained fame in the 1970s and became a cultural icon. Collaborated with various artists and produced several albums throughout a prolific career. Social and political themes frequently appeared in the lyrics. Despite facing challenges and controversies, maintained a dedicated fan base and continued to influence Brazilian music until the death in 1989.
Continue ReadingJohn Wesley
Cleric and theologian, founder of Methodism
Born
June 28th, 1703 322 years ago
Died
March 2nd, 1791 234 years ago — 87 years old
An English cleric and theologian, played a pivotal role in the religious movement that led to the establishment of Methodism. Through preaching and organizing, this figure emphasized the need for personal faith and social justice. Initiated outdoor preaching, reaching diverse audiences and establishing Methodist societies. Authored numerous theological works, with 'Complete Works' being a significant compilation of teachings and sermons. His influence extended beyond theology into social reform, promoting education and healthcare.
Continue ReadingArtur Hajzer
Polish mountaineer with high-altitude ascents
Born
June 28th, 1962 63 years ago
Died
July 7th, 2013 12 years ago — 51 years old
An accomplished mountaineer specialized in high-altitude climbing. Focused on making first ascents in the Karakoram and the Himalayas, with an emphasis on alpine-style ascents. Successfully climbed multiple peaks over 8000 meters, contributing to the field of mountaineering. Served as a guide and mentor for aspiring climbers and participated in various expeditions aimed at achieving significant climbing goals. Organized and led several Polish expeditions to challenging terrains.
Continue ReadingEmil Erlenmeyer
Chemist, creator of Erlenmeyer flask
Born
June 28th, 1825 200 years ago
Died
January 22nd, 1909 117 years ago — 83 years old
A German chemist and academic contributed significantly to the field of chemistry. Developed the Erlenmeyer flask, a laboratory tool widely used in chemistry for mixing and heating substances. Conducted research in organic chemistry and made strides in the study of chemical reactions. Held academic positions and influenced future generations of chemists through teaching and publications.
Continue ReadingOther People Who Died on August 18th
Elmer Bernstein
Composer of film scores and conductor
Born
April 4th, 1922 103 years ago
Died
August 18th, 2004 21 years ago — 82 years old
Gained recognition for film scoring starting in the 1950s. Composed music for a variety of genres, producing scores for over 200 films. Collaborated with directors like Alfred Hitchcock and John Frankenheimer. Achieved critical acclaim for work in films such as "The Magnificent Seven," "To Kill a Mockingbird," and "Ghostbusters." Received Academy Awards, Grammy Awards, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame throughout his career. Continued to influence film music until retirement.
Continue ReadingNikolaus Pevsner
Art historian and scholar of architecture
Born
January 30th, 1902 124 years ago
Died
August 18th, 1983 42 years ago — 81 years old
A prominent art historian and architectural scholar, contributions to the understanding of English architecture were significant. Authored 'The Buildings of England', a major series documenting architectural history across England. Played a critical role in the establishment of the Arts Council of Great Britain. Teaching positions included roles at the University of Birmingham and Birkbeck College, influencing generations of students in the field of architectural history.
Continue ReadingJim Jeffords
American politician and senator
Born
May 11th, 1934 91 years ago
Died
August 18th, 2014 11 years ago — 80 years old
Served as a U.S. Senator from Vermont from 2001 to 2007 and as a member of the House of Representatives from 1975 to 1989. Initially elected as a Republican, switched to independent status in 2001, which resulted in a shift in Senate control. Before his political career, practiced law and served in the Vermont State Senate. Advocated for education, environmental protection, and healthcare reform.
Continue ReadingKim Dae-jung
Politician and Nobel Prize laureate
Born
January 6th, 1924 102 years ago
Died
August 18th, 2009 16 years ago — 85 years old
Served as the 8th President of South Korea from 1998 to 2003. Played a significant role in promoting democracy and human rights in South Korea. Advocated for a policy of engagement with North Korea, known as the 'Sunshine Policy'. Was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for efforts to foster peace and reconciliation on the Korean Peninsula.
Continue ReadingWanli Emperor of China
Chinese Emperor during the Ming Dynasty
Born
1563 463 years ago
Died
August 18th, 1620 405 years ago — 57 years old
Ascended to the throne at a young age, leading China during a significant period of the Ming Dynasty. The reign lasted from 1572 to 1620, becoming one of the longest in Chinese history. The Wanli era is noted for initial economic prosperity and cultural achievements, including advancements in the arts and literature. However, the later years of the reign saw challenges such as political strife and bureaucratic inefficiencies, leading to a decline in the government’s effectiveness. Efforts to maintain control over the empire faced resistance from officials. Despite these issues, contributions to temple construction and maritime trade occurred during the period.
Continue ReadingAndré-Jacques Garnerin
French balloonist and parachute inventor
Born
January 31st, 1769 257 years ago
Died
August 18th, 1823 202 years ago — 54 years old
Born in 1769, a pioneering figure in aviation, this individual made significant contributions to flight and parachuting. In 1797, executed the first successful parachute jump from a height of 3,200 feet using the frameless parachute design. This innovation represented a major advancement in safety for aerial vehicles and created a foundation for future developments in parachute technology.
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