Military & Warfare

Battle of Toro: Forces of Catholic Monarchs Clash

The Battle of Toro saw the forces of the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile, engage the combined armies of King Afonso V of Portugal and his son Prince John. The confrontation took place near the town of Toro, in modern-day Spain, over territorial disputes and claims to the Castilian throne. Afonso and John aimed to establish a stronger claim following the death of King Henry IV of Castile, which had left a contentious succession crisis amidst a backdrop of alliances and rivalries.

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