Historical Events from This Year 1191
Richard I marries Berengaria in Cyprus
Richard I of England wed Berengaria of Navarre in Cyprus, where she was crowned Queen consort of England on the same day. This union not only united the two prominent royal houses but also marked a significant moment during the Third Crusade, as Richard was heavily involved in the campaign during this period.
Continue ReadingKing Richard I of England arrives in Acre
King Richard I of England, also known as Richard the Lionheart, landed in Acre to lead the forces of the Third Crusade against Saladin. His arrival marked a significant moment in the Crusade, showcasing his commitment to reclaim Jerusalem and support Christian forces in the region. The Siege of Acre was ongoing, and the arrival of Richard energized the besieging troops and rekindled hopes for success against the Muslim leaders defending the city.
Continue ReadingAcre's Siege Concludes with Saladin's Surrender
After a two-year siege, Saladin's garrison surrenders to King Philip II Augustus of France and King Richard I of England at the city of Acre. The successful siege leads to the capture of strategic fortifications and a considerable number of Muslim prisoners. The fall of Acre is crucial for the Crusaders' control over the Holy Land as it serves as a gateway for further military ventures towards Jerusalem. This victory solidifies alliances and sets the stage for future confrontations between the Crusaders and Muslim forces.
Continue ReadingRichard I Orders Massacre at Ayyadieh
Richard I of England commanded the killing of Muslim hostages in Ayyadieh during the Third Crusade, resulting in the death of approximately 2,600 to 3,000 individuals. This decision followed the capture of the city by Crusader forces, driven by tensions and the desire to prevent enemy threats. The victims were predominantly non-combatants who were captured during the siege, illustrating the brutal realities of warfare during this period.
Continue ReadingSaladin Defeated by Richard I at Arsuf
In September 1191, Richard I of England achieved a significant victory against the forces of Saladin at the Battle of Arsuf, located near the Mediterranean coast in present-day Israel. Richard, leading the Crusaders, successfully rallied his troops after being pressured by Saladin’s forces during their march to Jaffa. Utilizing a well-orchestrated cavalry charge, the Crusaders managed to turn the tide against Saladin’s forces, marking a pivotal moment in the Third Crusade. This battle demonstrated Richard's military prowess and increased his reputation among his peers and enemies alike.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1191
Richard Marshal
A nobleman who played a significant role during the tumultuous reign of King John of England. Faced with political conflict, took a stance against the King and was involved in the rebellion of the barons. Served in the military and was appointed as one of the guardians of the kingdom in the absence of King Henry III. Engaged in various campaigns to protect the interests of the barons and maintain the integrity of his family's estate. Fought in battles, including those during the civil wars that marked the early 13th century.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1191
Theobald V
Count of Blois and Chartres, governed from the mid-12th century. Participated in the Second Crusade, aligning with prominent leaders of the time. Engaged in various territorial conflicts and politics in France. Held notable titles and is recognized for contributions to the feudal system and regional governance during a tumultuous period.
Continue ReadingPope Clement III
Served as pope from 1187 to 1191. Played a significant role in resolving the Investiture Controversy, a conflict between church and state regarding the appointment of church officials. Worked to establish peace among various factions in Italy, particularly between the papacy and the Holy Roman Empire. Promoted the First Crusade's initiatives and advocated for the Christian cause in the Holy Land. Held multiple synods to address various church issues, emphasizing reforms and the importance of papal authority.
Continue ReadingReginald Fitz Jocelin
Served as the archbishop-elect of Canterbury during the late 12th century. Played a significant role in the administration of the church during a turbulent period in English history. Oversaw various religious and political challenges while preparing for the responsibilities of the archbishopric. His tenure was marked by the complexities of church-state relations and the evolving dynamics of the English monarchy.
Continue Reading