Historical Events from This Year 1364
Founding of Jagiellonian University in Kraków
Jagiellonian University was founded in Kraków, becoming the oldest university in Poland and one of the oldest in Central Europe. Established by King Casimir III the Great, the institution aimed to enhance the educational landscape and contribute to the cultural development of the region. With a strong emphasis on arts and sciences, it served as a beacon of knowledge and learning. The university attracted scholars from various parts of Europe and played a pivotal role in the evolution of Polish education.
Continue ReadingDu Guesclin's Victory at Cocherel
Bertrand du Guesclin led a French army to victory against the Anglo-Navarrese army of Charles the Bad at Cocherel. The decisive battle showcased the military prowess of Du Guesclin and solidified French control in the region. The defeat for Charles the Bad marked a significant moment in the Hundred Years' War, demonstrating the challenges faced by Anglo-Navarrese forces. The engagement significantly shifted the balance of power in favor of the French crown.
Continue ReadingClash Between Pisa and Florence Forces
The Battle of Cascina saw troops from the Republic of Pisa engage soldiers from the Republic of Florence. Taking place along the Arno River, this encounter was a significant skirmish during the ongoing conflict between these two powerful city-states of Tuscany. The battle was primarily initiated due to territorial disputes and political tensions in the region, reflecting the fierce rivalry that characterized the period.
Continue ReadingAnglo-Breton Forces Defeat Franco-Breton Army
Anglo-Breton troops routed the Franco-Breton army at the Battle of Auray in Brittany, decisively ending the War of the Breton Succession. The conflict had pitted competing factions for the Duchy of Brittany against one another, fueled by external powers such as England and France. The victory improved the power dynamics in Brittany, leading to the continued influence of the Anglo-Breton alliance.
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Emperor Manuel III of Trebizond
Ruled as the last Emperor of Trebizond from 1390 until 1426. Oversaw a significant period of decline for the empire due to external pressures from the Ottoman Turks and internal disputes. During the reign, economic difficulties and territorial losses were prominent issues. Engaged in diplomatic efforts with various European states in an attempt to bolster the crumbling empire. The reign ended with the conquest of Trebizond by the Ottomans, which marked the end of the Byzantine Empire.
Continue ReadingManuel III Megas Komnenos
Ruled as Emperor of Trebizond from 1390 until death in 1417. His reign was marked by efforts to stabilize and protect the empire amidst the geopolitical pressures of neighboring powers, particularly the Ottoman Turks. He attempted to strengthen the economy, maintain trade routes, and preserve the Byzantine heritage. Confronted with rising threats, he engaged in diplomatic relations with various states and navigated challenges posed by local warlords. His leadership was pivotal during a time of decline for the Byzantine successor states. After his death, the empire continued to face increasing external pressures.
Continue ReadingHenry Chichele
Served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1414 until death in 1443. Played a significant role in church politics during the early 15th century and was instrumental in the establishment of a new university in Oxford. Oversaw the church's response to the Hussite movement and was involved in the administration of the church in England and Wales, seeking to maintain the integrity of ecclesiastical authority during a period of tumultuous change.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1364
Agnes of Austria
Born into the House of Habsburg, played a significant role in European politics through marriage. Became the wife of King Charles I of Hungary, strengthening ties between the Habsburg dynasty and the Kingdom of Hungary. Involved in various political intrigues and alliances, particularly during the struggles for control over Hungarian lands. After the death of her husband, focused on the welfare of her children and the management of the Habsburg territories, ensuring the continuation of the family's influence in Central Europe.
Continue ReadingElisenda of Montcada
Served as queen consort and regent of Aragon during the 14th century. Played a significant role in the political affairs of the region, especially during the minority of her stepson. Governed effectively while influencing both domestic and foreign policies. Managed various cultural and social projects, fostering the development of the kingdom.
Continue ReadingArnošt of Pardubice
Served as the first Archbishop of Bohemia after the establishment of the archbishopric in 1344. Instrumental in the development of the ecclesiastical structure in the region. Contributed to the establishment of various religious institutions and promoted the Christian faith throughout Bohemia. Played a significant role in the administration of church affairs and served as a key advisor to the ruling house. His tenure marked the beginning of a more organized church hierarchy in Bohemia, impacting the religious landscape.
Continue ReadingKōgon
Reigned as the emperor of Japan during the Nanboku-chō period, which was marked by political strife and conflict between rival factions. Ascended to the throne in 1331, his reign saw the rise of the Ashikaga clan. The era is characterized by a division of imperial authority and ongoing civil wars, known as the Northern and Southern Courts struggle. His reign was one of the dynastic shifts that marked the turbulent history of Japan.
Continue ReadingRobert of Taranto
Ascended the throne of Albania in the early 14th century, establishing his rule amidst the political turbulence of the time. Robert led military campaigns to solidify his power and territory. His reign marked the beginning of a new dynasty that would influence the region for decades. He played a key role in the interactions between local powers and external influences, particularly from neighboring kingdoms. Robert's governance included efforts to strengthen the administrative framework of Albania and assert independence within the Balkan context. His death in 1364 left a significant legacy for his successors.
Continue ReadingJohn II of France
Ruled as king from 1350 until capture in 1356. Faced significant challenges during the Hundred Years' War, leading France against the English forces. The Battle of Poitiers resulted in a major defeat, resulting in capture and subsequent imprisonment in England. Signed the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360, which had lasting implications for French territory and sovereignty. Returned to France in 1364 after his release.
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