Born in 1491
Martín de Azpilcueta
A prominent theologian and economist, contributions encompassed moral theology and the field of economic thought. Authored the influential text 'Manual de Confesores y Penitentes', which addressed confession and moral reasoning. Engaged in discussions surrounding usury and economic ethics, laying groundwork for future economic theories. Held scholarly positions in the University of Salamanca, where teachings shaped religious and economic discourse.
Continue ReadingJacques Cartier
A French navigator and explorer played a crucial role in the early exploration of Canada. In 1534, he made his first voyage across the Atlantic and claimed the land in the name of France. He explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence and established contact with Indigenous peoples, notably the St. Lawrence Iroquoian tribes. Cartier's expeditions laid the groundwork for future French colonization in North America. His work contributed significantly to mapping the region, including the St. Lawrence River and the vicinity of present-day Quebec.
Continue ReadingGuillaume du Bellay
A French general and diplomat, served as the ambassador to Rome and significantly influenced French diplomacy in the 16th century. Engaged in military campaigns during the Italian Wars, particularly in the Siege of Pavia. Wrote letters detailing the military and political situation in Italy, providing valuable insights into the period. Contributed to the development of military strategies and alliances for France. Held a prominent position within the court, advising on matters of state and military affairs until his death in 1543.
Continue ReadingHenry VIII
Ruled as King of England from 1509 until death in 1547. Instrumental in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Oversaw the establishment of the English Reformation, precipitated by disputes with the Pope regarding annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Known for six marriages, particularly the union with Anne Boleyn, which led to significant religious upheaval. His reign was marked by the strengthening of royal power and the dissolution of monasteries across England.
Continue ReadingIgnatius of Loyola
Ignatius of Loyola, a Spanish priest and theologian, founded the Society of Jesus in 1534. After experiencing a profound spiritual awakening, he dedicated his life to religious service and education. His spiritual exercises emphasized personal reflection and discernment. In 1540, the Society of Jesus received approval from Pope Paul III, focusing on education, missionary work, and spiritual development. Ignatius served as the first Superior General of the Jesuits until his death in 1556. His writings and teachings significantly shaped Catholic spirituality and education.
Continue ReadingZhengde
Ruled as the Emperor of China from 1505 until 1521 during the Ming dynasty. His reign was marked by the luxurious lifestyle of the imperial court. Emphasis was placed on arts and culture, leading to significant developments in these areas. During his rule, diplomatic relations were established with foreign countries, and there were efforts to consolidate power and manage provincial governance. He implemented policies that reflected both the interests of the nobility and the common people, although some of these policies faced resistance.
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