What Happened This Year 1582

Historical Events from This Year 1582 (View all 8)

Politics & Government

Russia Surrenders Livonia to Poland-Lithuania

January 15th, 1582 443 years ago

In 1582, a significant territorial agreement took place between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Truce of Yam-Zapolsky concluded after a war known as the Livonian War, wherein Russia ceded control of Livonia. This region, located in the modern-day Baltic states, became a crucial point of contention due to its strategic location along the Baltic Sea. The truce effectively marked the end of hostilities between the two powers for a time, leading to a rearrangement of territorial boundaries in Eastern Europe.

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Religion & Philosophy

Pope Gregory XIII Reforms the Calendar

February 24th, 1582 443 years ago

Pope Gregory XIII issued the papal bull 'Inter gravissimas' to reform the calendar used in the Catholic Church, marking the introduction of the Gregorian calendar. This reform addressed inaccuracies in the Julian calendar, specifically regarding the calculation of leap years and the timing of Easter. The new calendar aimed to realign the dates with the vernal equinox and ensure that important Christian events were celebrated at the correct time. The reformation was crucial for the Church, which sought to correct the drifting of the calendar due to the Julian system's shortcomings.

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Exploration & Discovery

Hernando de Lerma establishes Salta settlement

April 16th, 1582 442 years ago

In 1582, Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma established the settlement of Salta in present-day Argentina as part of Spanish efforts to expand their influence in South America. De Lerma sought to create a strategic base for Spain in the northwestern region, which featured fertile lands and indigenous communities. The settlement would serve as a pivotal point for trade and governance, enabling Spanish authorities to manage the resources and peoples in the area more effectively.

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Politics & Government

Oda Nobunaga's Forced Suicide by General Akechi

June 21st, 1582 442 years ago

Oda Nobunaga, a powerful daimyō in Japan, was betrayed by his general Akechi Mitsuhide and forced to commit suicide in a palace called Honnō-ji in Kyoto. This shocking act of treachery and the subsequent events marked a turning point in Japanese history as it led to the power struggles that would eventually unify Japan under Tokugawa Ieyasu. Nobunaga was a key figure in the unification of Japan during the late 16th century and his death created a power vacuum.

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Military & Warfare

Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Victory Over Akechi Mitsuhide

July 2nd, 1582 442 years ago

The Battle of Yamazaki saw Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeat Akechi Mitsuhide near Kyoto, Japan. As the loyal general of Oda Nobunaga, Hideyoshi swiftly mobilized his forces to avenge his lord after Mitsuhide's betrayal and assassination of Nobunaga. The battle turned the tide in favor of Hideyoshi, solidifying his position and leading to a pivotal moment in the unification of Japan. The swift engagement lasted only a few hours, resulting in a decisive victory for Hideyoshi and the eventual downfall of Mitsuhide.

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Science & Technology

Pope Gregory XIII Introduces New Calendar System

October 4th, 1582 442 years ago

The introduction of the Gregorian Calendar by Pope Gregory XIII reformulated the way time was kept, correcting the inaccuracies of the Julian Calendar. This reform aimed to realign the calendar with the seasonal year and to more accurately reflect the timing of the equinoxes. The change involved skipping 10 days in October, leading to a significant alteration in date perceptions. The Gregorian Calendar's adoption marked a pivotal moment in history as Catholic nations swiftly embraced it, leading to widespread eventual acceptance across Europe.

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Born in 1582 (View all 21)

Giovanni Lanfranco

Italian painter specializing in Baroque art
Born
January 26th, 1582 443 years ago
Died
November 30th, 1647 377 years ago — 65 years old

An influential Baroque painter, this artist gained recognition for his dramatic use of light and color. His work often depicted religious themes and he produced significant altarpieces and frescoes. Key works include the 'Assumption of the Virgin' located in the church of San Andrea della Valle in Rome. Collaborated with prominent figures of the Baroque period and influenced the artistic landscape of his time through innovative techniques in chiaroscuro.

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John Barclay

Poet and author of 'Argenis'
Born
January 28th, 1582 443 years ago
Died
August 15th, 1621 403 years ago — 39 years old

Born in 1582, a French-Scottish poet and author contributed to the realm of literature with notable works. The most recognized piece, 'Argenis', exemplified the genre of pastoral romance and gained acclaim across Europe. His writings highlighted themes of love and politics, reflecting the complexities of human relationships during the early 17th century. Barclay also engaged in political commentary and collaborated with other literary figures of his time, adding depth to the intellectual landscape of the period. His influence persisted through the ages, impacting later literary movements.

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Mario Bettinus

Italian mathematician and philosopher
Born
February 6th, 1582 443 years ago
Died
1657 368 years ago — 75 years old

Born in Italy, a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher contributed significantly to the fields of mathematics and astronomy during the early 17th century. His works focused on the mathematical aspects of astronomy, blending philosophical inquiry with rigorous mathematical analysis. Bettinus was involved in the dispute over the Copernican theory and engaged in discussions about the validity of celestial mechanics. His examination of geometric problems and contributions to the understanding of the heavens were crucial in advancing the scientific discourse of his time.

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Daniel Featley

English theologian and controversialist
Born
March 15th, 1582 443 years ago
Died
1645 380 years ago — 63 years old

A theologian and a prominent controversialist, contributed significantly to religious discourse in 17th-century England. Engaged in numerous theological debates, particularly during the rise of Puritanism. Authored multiple works, including 'The Dippers Dipped' which critiqued Baptist practices. Featley was also involved in disputes over church governance and doctrine, defending the established Anglican Church against dissenters.

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Marco da Gagliano

Italian composer of sacred music
Born
May 1st, 1582 442 years ago
Died
1643 382 years ago — 61 years old

An Italian composer and important figure in the late Renaissance, created numerous sacred and secular works. His compositions reflect the transition from the polyphonic style to a more homophonic texture, marking a significant development in early Baroque music. Gagliano's most celebrated work includes the opera 'La Finta Pazza,' which showcased his contributions to the emergence of Italian opera. He served as a musician at various chapels and maintained a position at the Medici court in Florence, further influencing the musical landscape of his time.

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John Frederick

Duke of Pomerania, military leader
Born
May 5th, 1582 442 years ago
Died
February 9th, 1600 425 years ago — 17 years old

Born into the House of Greifswald, this nobleman inherited the title of Duke of Pomerania after the death of his father. He played a significant role in the complex political landscape of the Holy Roman Empire during the late 16th century. His reign included military engagements and alliances, particularly in relation to the Protestant Reformation. He faced challenges from rival noble families and sought to maintain the autonomy of Pomerania. His governorship was marked by efforts to solidify control over the region, navigating both internal conflicts and external threats. The legacy includes influence over local governance and territorial disputes that shaped the region's future.

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People Who Died in 1582 (View all 13)

Juan Jauregui

Assassin attempted on William I of Orange
Born
1562 463 years ago
Died
March 18th, 1582 442 years ago — 20 years old

Born in Spain, played a significant role in an assassination attempt against William I of Orange, a leading figure in the Dutch struggle for independence from Spain. The event occurred in the late 16th century, during a period marked by political turmoil and conflict between the Spanish crown and the rising Dutch nationalism. The attempt ultimately failed, and Jauregui's actions contributed to the complex narrative of the Eighty Years' War. Little is recorded about Jauregui's life beyond this incident and his execution following the assassination attempt. This event highlighted the intense opposition to William I and the lengths to which some would go to eliminate him.

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Charlotte of Bourbon

Princess consort of Orange
Born
1547 478 years ago
Died
May 5th, 1582 442 years ago — 35 years old

Married to William I of Orange, served as the Princess consort of Orange. Part of the House of Bourbon, contributed to the political landscape of the time through marriage alliances. Held significant influence during a period of religious conflict in the Low Countries, particularly relating to the Eighty Years' War. Despite the challenges faced, maintained the role of a supportive consort and helped in the management of estates.

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Oda Nobunaga

Japanese warlord and military leader
Born
June 23rd, 1534 490 years ago
Died
June 21st, 1582 442 years ago — 47 years old

A prominent figure during the Sengoku period in Japan, this warlord played a crucial role in the unification of Japan. Initiated numerous military campaigns to consolidate power and extend territories. Implemented innovative military strategies and utilized firearms effectively in battles. Known for a ruthless approach to eliminate rivals and foster centralized governance, leading to the eventual unification of Japan under his successors.

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Shimizu Muneharu

Japanese military commander during Sengoku
Born
1537 488 years ago
Died
June 23rd, 1582 442 years ago — 45 years old

Served as a commander during Japan's Sengoku period. Commanded troops in various battles, contributing to the shifting allegiances among feudal lords. Played a significant role in the conflicts that characterized this era. Life concluded on June 23, 1582.

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Akechi Mitsuhide

Japanese samurai and warlord
Born
1528 497 years ago
Died
July 2nd, 1582 442 years ago — 54 years old

Akechi Mitsuhide was a samurai and warlord during Japan's Sengoku period. Serving under the powerful daimyo Oda Nobunaga, Mitsuhide played a significant role in various military campaigns. His most notable action was the betrayal and assassination of Nobunaga at Honnō-ji in 1582. Following this act, Mitsuhide briefly seized power but was quickly defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

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George Buchanan

Scottish historian and scholar
Born
1506 519 years ago
Died
September 28th, 1582 442 years ago — 76 years old

A prominent Scottish historian and scholar, this individual contributed significantly to the fields of history and education during the Renaissance. Serving as a tutor to several notable figures, including Mary, Queen of Scots, produced pivotal works such as 'History of Scotland' and 'De Sceptero et Gladio'. Engaged in debates about the role of monarchy and governance, challenged the divine right of kings through various writings. His advocacy for education laid groundwork for future scholarship in Scotland. His influence extended to the development of humanist thought in Scotland and beyond.

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