Historical Events from This Year 1621 (View all 9)
Gregory XV Becomes Pope by Acclamation
Gregory XV was elected Pope in an acclamation, marking the final instance of such an election method. His election followed the death of Pope Paul V. The conclave gathered in Rome, where cardinals supported Gregory, leading to a unanimous decision. This method was significant for the rapidity of the selection process and demonstrated the political maneuvering of church officials during this period.
Continue ReadingMyles Standish Becomes Military Commander
Myles Standish was appointed as the first military commander of the English Plymouth Colony. In this role, he was tasked with ensuring the safety and defense of the settlers against potential threats. His leadership and military experience were critical in navigating the challenges faced by the fledgling colony.
Continue ReadingSamoset Greets Plymouth Colonists
Samoset, an Abenaki skirmisher, became the first Native American to greet the English settlers of Plymouth Colony. Informing them of the local tribes and signaling a crucial step towards communication, he confidently approached the settlers and welcomed them with the memorable phrase, 'Welcome, Englishmen! My name is Samoset.' This encounter signified the beginning of interactions between the settlers and the Indigenous peoples of the region, as well as the potential for trade and diplomacy.
Continue ReadingPilgrims and Wampanoags Sign Peace Treaty
John Carver, governor of Plymouth Colony, led the Pilgrims in signing a peace treaty with Massasoit, the sachem of the Wampanoags. Squanto served as an invaluable interpreter during the negotiations. This significant moment established a crucial alliance between the two groups in the early years of European settlement in North America.
Continue ReadingThe Mayflower's Return Voyage to England
The Mayflower departed Plymouth, Massachusetts, for England after a successful journey that carried the Pilgrims to the New World. The ship, having spent several months in the Plymouth Colony, was now returning with a small number of passengers, including some of the remaining Pilgrims who were eager to return home as well as a cargo of goods. The voyage marked a significant moment in the early history of the colonies, emphasizing the ongoing connections between England and the New World.
Continue ReadingDissolution of the Protestant Union
The Protestant Union, an alliance of Protestant states in the Holy Roman Empire, was formally dissolved after the defeat at the Battle of White Mountain. Continuing tensions between Catholic and Protestant factions led to this significant change in power dynamics among German states, ultimately contributing to the larger conflict within the Thirty Years' War started shortly afterward.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1621 (View all 22)
Thomas Willis
Contributed significantly to the understanding of the nervous system and brain. Pioneered neuroanatomy and made advancements in the study of the vascular system. Published 'Cerebri Anatome,' detailing the anatomy of the brain and its functions. Established the foundation for future research in neurology and physiology.
Continue ReadingJohannes Schefferus
Born in 1621, this figure contributed significantly to Swedish literature and hymnody. In addition to writing on various subjects, this author produced a Latin work that examined the customs and history of the Saami people. The work offered insights into a lesser-known culture in Sweden at the time. His compositions in hymns became popular within Swedish churches, playing a key role in shaping the liturgical music of the period.
Continue ReadingRebecca Nurse
Born in 1621, a colonist in Massachusetts, played a significant role in the Salem witch trials. Accused of witchcraft, faced trial and was executed in 1692. The case highlighted the hysteria surrounding witchcraft during this period and contributed to the eventual decline of witch trials in colonial America.
Continue ReadingGeorg Neumark
Born in 1621 in Germany, contributed significantly to the world of religious music and poetry. Authored many hymns that are still sung today. Most recognized for the hymn 'Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten', which has been adapted into various musical forms over the centuries. His work reflects a deep spiritual devotion and adherence to the Lutheran tradition, often addressing themes of faith and divine providence. Died in 1681, leaving a lasting legacy in both poetry and hymnody.
Continue ReadingAndrew Marvell
Associated with the 17th century, a notable poet and politician. Served as a Member of Parliament for Hull from 1659 until death. His poetry often reflected political themes and personal introspection. 'To His Coy Mistress' became one of the most celebrated poems of the Metaphysical era, showcasing wit and romantic expression. Engaged in political discourse during the English Civil War and Interregnum, aligning with the Parliamentary faction. Contributed to the development of political poetry and pamphlets, often addressing contemporary issues and events.
Continue ReadingWilliam Penn
Born in 1621, this individual became a prominent figure in British politics and naval affairs. Serving in the English Civil War, involvement with the Royal Navy led to appointments in various capacities. This individual founded the Province of Pennsylvania, establishing a place for religious freedom and democratic governance. The province emerged as a model of tolerance and fair treatment of Native Americans. Contributions to the formulation of a governing framework were significant, advocating for human rights and peaceful coexistence.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1621 (View all 32)
Pope Paul V
Served as Pope from 1605 to 1621. Reaffirmed the authority of the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation. Initiated the construction of significant buildings in Rome, including the Borghese Chapel in St. Peter's Basilica. Issued decrees to further church reforms and uphold papal authority in various regions.
Continue ReadingMichael Praetorius
Originated from Germany, Praetorius contributed extensively to the Renaissance music scene. As an organist and composer, he created numerous sacred works and was particularly influential in the development of German church music. His notable collections include 'Musae Sioniae,' which features a wide array of chorales and hymns. Praetorius also engaged in music theory, authoring the treatise 'Syntagma Musicum,' which served as an important resource on contemporary music practices and instrumentation.
Continue ReadingCosimo II de' Medici
Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1609 until death in 1621. Played a significant role in the cultural and scientific advancements of the Italian Renaissance, supporting artists and scholars. Established the Accademia del Cimento, promoting experimental science. Oversaw the completion of the Pitti Palace and the expansion of the Boboli Gardens.
Continue ReadingBenedetto Giustiniani
Served as a prominent Italian cardinal during the early 17th century. Contributed to the ecclesiastical governance of the Catholic Church and held significant influence within the Curia. Participated in the election of several popes and held various positions within the church hierarchy. Engaged in the political and religious matters of the time, aligning with key figures of the Counter-Reformation. His work and decisions shaped the church's direction during this period.
Continue ReadingPhilip III
Ruled as the King of Spain from 1598 to 1621. Leadership was marked by significant political challenges and economic decline. Oversaw the later years of Spain's Golden Age, though internal strife and military issues arose. Engaged in the Thirty Years' War initially supporting the Habsburgs. His reign witnessed the decline of Spanish power overseas as well as domestic issues including the expulsion of Moriscos. The administration faced difficulties in finances leading to a reliance on foreign loans.
Continue ReadingCristofano Allori
Active during the late Renaissance, a prominent Italian painter and educator contributed significantly to the art world. Allori specialized in portraiture and was influenced by the works of the Mannerist style. He served as a court painter in Florence, where he created several notable portraits. Allori's most famous work, 'Judith with the Head of Holofernes', showcases his skill in depicting dramatic themes and emotional depth. Apart from painting, he also engaged in artistic education and mentorship, influencing the next generation of artists. His legacy continued posthumously through the appreciation of his distinct style and technique, which offered insight into the aesthetic values of his time.
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