People Who Died in 1681
Richard Allestree
An English priest and academic, contributions included notable works in theology and literature. Served as a chaplain and held positions at various colleges, notably at All Souls College, Oxford. Wrote extensively, with his most recognized work being 'The Gentleman's Calling', which outlined the responsibilities and virtues of gentlemen in society. Influenced the religious and educational landscape of the time through writings and sermons.
Continue ReadingPedro Calderón de la Barca
Born in 1600, this individual became a prominent figure in Spanish literature, particularly during the Golden Age. His extensive body of work included over 200 plays, with notable contributions to both comedies and dramas. One of the most significant works is 'La vida es sueño' ('Life is a Dream'), a philosophical play that explores fate and freedom. He also wrote 'El alcalde de Zalamea', which reflects themes of honor and social justice. In addition to plays, compositions of poetry added to his literary stature. His influence extended to theater conventions and dramatic structures, solidifying his place in literary history.
Continue ReadingCornelis Saftleven
Specialized in genre painting, depicting scenes of daily life in a realistic manner. Active during the 17th century, produced numerous works that captured various aspects of daily Dutch life. His paintings often featured peasant themes, tavern scenes, and rural settings. Contributed significantly to the development of genre painting in the Dutch Golden Age, influencing later artists. Saftleven worked in a style characterized by a keen observation of human behavior and detail in his subjects.
Continue ReadingWilliam Lilly
Born in England, a prominent astrologer and author emerged during the 17th century. Gained recognition through the publication of 'Christian Astrology' in 1647, which became a foundational text in the field of astrology. He also produced almanacs, achieving significant popularity among the public. His work combined astrology with religion, reflecting the cultural beliefs of the time. In addition to astrology, engaged in a number of legal disputes, advocating for the practice of astrology in a society increasingly skeptical of the discipline. Lilly's writings contributed to the popularity of astrology in England and influenced future practitioners in the field.
Continue ReadingOliver Plunkett
Born in 1625, served as the Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland. His tenure coincided with a time of religious strife and persecution in Ireland. Plunkett was a staunch defender of Catholicism and worked to strengthen the faith among the Irish people. In 1679, he was arrested on charges of conspiring against the English government and was later executed in 1681. Plunkett was canonized in 1975, recognized for his unwavering commitment to his faith and his role as a martyr.
Continue ReadingUrian Oakes
A figure in early American colonial education and religion, Urian Oakes served as a minister and educator in New England. His tenure included roles at Harvard College, where he contributed to the institution's development. Oakes emphasized the importance of classical learning and religious instruction in higher education. He held the position of president at Harvard College from 1675 until his death in 1681. Oakes also played a significant role in the ministerial community, focusing on the spiritual guidance of his congregants and fostering educational initiatives in the region.
Continue ReadingHermann Conring
Born in 1606, contributed significantly to the fields of philosophy and education in the 17th century. Worked as a professor and held various academic positions, influencing educational policies and practices. Emphasized the importance of educational reform and rational thought, aligning with the intellectual currents of the Enlightenment. His writings and teachings focused on the development of a systematic approach to philosophy and education, impacting future generations of scholars.
Continue ReadingNikolaes Heinsius the Elder
Born in 1620, this individual contributed significantly to Dutch literature as a poet and scholar. Prominent in the literary scene, Heinsius engaged with classical works, translating and interpreting them for contemporary audiences. Extensive writings included poetry and critical essays, which influenced the poetic landscape of the time. He served as a member of the Amsterdam literary society, fostering connections among writers and intellectuals. His scholarly pursuits also included philological studies, enhancing the appreciation and understanding of classical texts in the Dutch language.
Continue ReadingFrans van Mieris the Elder
A prominent painter in the Dutch Golden Age, specialized in genre scenes depicting daily life. Worked primarily in a detailed and realistic style, often using warm colors and intricate details to enhance the narrative of the artwork. His paintings feature rich textures and an elegant portrayal of domestic interiors. Active during the 17th century, developed a reputation within the art community for meticulous craftsmanship and compositional strength. Engaged with both artists and patrons, influencing the stylistic development of genre painting. Established a successful career in Leiden and contributed to the artistic heritage of the Netherlands.
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