Born in 1682
Giovanni Battista Morgagni
Contributions to medical science include foundational work in pathology, establishing the importance of anatomical study in understanding disease. Writings included 'De Sedibus et Causis Morborum,' which emphasized the correlation between clinical symptoms and autopsy findings. This work laid the groundwork for modern pathology and greatly influenced subsequent medical practices. Held a prominent academic position at the University of Padua, contributing to the education of future generations of physicians.
Continue ReadingJohn Hadley
Contributions to mathematics and navigation included the invention of the octant, an important navigational instrument used at sea. The octant allowed sailors to measure angles up to 90 degrees and later influenced the development of more advanced tools. Hadley published works detailing the principles of the octant and its applications in navigation, contributing to the field of celestial navigation. His innovations aided explorers and navigators in more accurately determining their positions at sea, proving crucial during the Age of Discovery.
Continue ReadingBartholomew Roberts
Born in 1682, a notable figure in the Golden Age of Piracy who became one of the most successful pirates of the early 18th century. Stole over 400 ships across the Atlantic and West Indies, establishing a reputation for both daring and efficiency. Commanded a fleet that threatened shipping lanes and maintained a base of operations off the coast of West Africa. Captured several notable ships, including the Royal Fortune and the Chappell. Killed in action in 1722 while engaging a British naval vessel.
Continue ReadingCharles XII
A monarch who reigned over Sweden from 1697 to 1718, presiding over a significant military campaign known as the Great Northern War. Ascended to the throne at the age of 15, leading troops into battle against a coalition of Denmark-Norway, Russia, and Saxony-Poland. Demonstrated remarkable leadership in battles such as the Battle of Narva and the Battle of Poltava. During the war, faced a series of challenges that resulted in Sweden's territorial changes and eventually led to his death in battle. His ambitions and military strategies have been studied in historical contexts regarding warfare and statecraft.
Continue ReadingRoger Cotes
An English mathematician and astronomer contributed significantly to the field of mathematics during the early 18th century. Cotes served as the Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy at the University of Cambridge. He worked closely with Isaac Newton, co-editing the second edition of 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica', a foundational text in physics and mathematics. Cotes is recognized for his advancements in calculus and his work on the nature of light. His life was cut short at the age of 39, but his contributions to mathematics and astronomy remained influential.
Continue ReadingLouis, Duke of Burgundy
Born into the French royal family, held the title of Duke of Burgundy and served as the second in line to the French throne. Actively participated in courtly affairs and military campaigns during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. His marriage to the Spanish Infanta Maria Anna solidified political alliances. His premature death at the age of 29 curtailed his potential influence in the kingdom.
Continue ReadingPierre François Xavier de Charlevoix
A French priest and historian contributed significantly to the understanding of Canada during the early 18th century. Travelled extensively throughout New France and wrote account of the geography, history, and indigenous peoples of the region. The work 'Histoire de la Nouvelle France' detailed the experiences and observations made during these travels, becoming a foundational text in Canadian history. Also documented the life of figures such as Samuel de Champlain and provided valuable insights into the French colonial era. Engaged with various cultures, recorded dialogues, and produced critical analyses of the political landscape of the time. The writings influenced later historical narratives and shaped the perception of New France in Europe.
Continue ReadingJean-François Dandrieu
An accomplished organist and composer during the French Baroque period, this figure contributed significantly to the repertoire for the organ. Work included a range of compositions for organ and harpsichord, reflecting the stylistic traits of the time. His output includes several collections of organ pieces that showcased the instrument's capabilities. Predominantly active in Paris, influenced the development of French organ music through innovative compositions and improvisations. His music is recognized for its intricate melodic lines and harmonic explorations.
Continue ReadingJohann Friedrich Böttger
Developed the first European hard-paste porcelain in 1708 after extensive experimentation in the field of ceramics. Initially worked as an alchemist, seeking gold, which eventually led to the discovery of a porcelain formula. Established the first successful porcelain factory in Meissen, which became a model for future European porcelain production. His work laid the foundation for the affluent European porcelain industry.
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