People Who Died in 1700
Charles II of Spain
Born as the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire, ascended to the throne in 1665 at the age of four. Reigned during a tumultuous period marked by the decline of Spanish power and a series of political and economic challenges. His health was frail, and he faced numerous personal and state-related difficulties, partly due to the effects of inbreeding within the Habsburg dynasty. His reign saw internal strife, including wars such as the War of the Spanish Succession. Died in 1700, which led to a succession crisis and changed the course of European history. The absence of heirs resulted in the end of Habsburg rule and the emergence of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain.
Continue ReadingStephanus Van Cortlandt
Served as the 10th Mayor of New York City from 1677 to 1678. Played a significant role in the development of the city during the late 17th century. Contributed to the governance and administration of New York at a time when it was consolidating its importance in North America. Also held the position of an assemblyman and was involved in various civic duties and land development efforts.
Continue ReadingInnocent XII
Elected pope in 1691, focused on administrative reforms within the Church, moderated clerical regulations, and addressed corruption. Oversaw the management of Church finances and undertook efforts to improve relations with European monarchs. Advocated for economic measures to alleviate social inequities and enhanced the Church's influence in political matters.
Continue ReadingFrancesco Maidalchini
Ordained as a priest in the early 17th century, this individual rose to prominence within the Catholic Church. Appointed as a cardinal in 1643, held significant influence in ecclesiastical and diplomatic affairs. Served as a close advisor to Pope Innocent X and played a key role in the administration of the Papal States. Promoted the policies and interests of the church during a time of political turbulence in Europe. Participated in various diplomatic missions, fostering relationships between the Papacy and European courts.
Continue ReadingPieter Gerritsz van Roestraten
Born in the Netherlands, a painter focused on historical and religious scenes. Relocated to England where significant works contributed to British art. Developed a style characterized by detailed compositions and rich colors. Active primarily in the 17th century, influenced by the Baroque tradition and Dutch painting techniques. Worked in various genres but excelled in creating engaging narratives within his canvases.
Continue ReadingRajaram Raj Bhonsle
Ascended the throne as the third Chhatrapati of the Maratha Confederacy, consolidating power following the death of Shivaji Maharaj. Ruled during a tumultuous period, facing invasions and internal strife. Endured significant challenges from the Mughal Empire and sought to strengthen the Maratha position in India. He moved to the fortified location of Raigad for better defense and governance, continuing the legacy of his predecessor. His reign saw efforts to maintain the autonomy of the Maratha state amidst external pressures.
Continue ReadingLouis Jolliet
Born in 1645, a French Canadian explorer played a key role in the exploration of North America. Jolliet, alongside Father Jacques Marquette, undertook an expedition to explore the Mississippi River in 1673. The journey aimed to find a route to the Pacific Ocean and to promote trade with Native American tribes. The exploration provided valuable mapping and knowledge of the region. Jolliet's reports detailed the geography, peoples, and resources encountered during the expedition. In 1680, he helped in the exploration of the Illinois River, further contributing to early cartography in North America. His work laid important groundwork for future explorations and settlements in the region.
Continue ReadingJens Juel
Born in 1631, a prominent Danish politician and diplomat served as the governor-general of Norway during a critical period in its history. Juel held various administrative roles within the Danish government, significantly influencing political relations between Denmark and Norway. His tenure involved managing colonial interests and local governance in Norway, ensuring the implementation of Danish policies. Juel's diplomatic skills were instrumental in navigating relations with neighboring powers, solidifying Denmark's influence in the region. Juel's career included a focus on economic and administrative reforms aimed at enhancing stability and governance.
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