Born in 1743
Gavrila Derzhavin
Born in 1743, a prominent figure in Russian literature and politics, contributed significantly to the development of the Russian language and poetry. Served in various governmental roles, including as a senator and appointed governor of Saint Petersburg. His poetry combined philosophical and lyric elements, garnering admiration from contemporaries and later generations. The ode 'Felitsa' remains one of the most recognized works, illustrating his mastery of poetic form and emotional depth.
Continue ReadingMadame du Barry
Born in 1743, served as the mistress of Louis XV of France. Started her relationship with the king in 1763 at a time when the monarchy faced political and social challenges. Became a prominent figure at the French court, known for her influence and connection to the king. Engaged in various cultural and social activities, hosted salons, and contributed to the arts during her time. Following the king's death in 1774, faced challenges in maintaining her status and ultimately lived in exile after the French Revolution.
Continue ReadingAntoine Lavoisier
Contributed significantly to the establishment of modern chemistry. Conducted experiments that led to the identification of oxygen and the role it plays in combustion. Introduced methods for chemical nomenclature and classification. Played a crucial role in debunking the phlogiston theory, thus paving the way for the chemical revolution of the late 18th century. Provided critical insights into the conservation of mass, formulating the law that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. His work laid the foundations for analytical chemistry and shaped future research in the field.
Continue ReadingMarquis de Condorcet
Born in 1743, this individual contributed significantly to mathematics, notably in the fields of probability and social choice theory. As a political scientist, advocated for Enlightenment principles, emphasizing reason, progress, and the importance of education in society. His involvement in the French Revolution led to a controversial period in his life, ultimately resulting in his pursuit of refuge due to his political beliefs. Posthumously, work in philosophy influenced thoughts on democracy and human rights.
Continue ReadingQuintin Craufurd
Originated from Scotland, this author contributed extensively to literature in the late 18th century. Notable works include 'History of the Rise and Fall of the Scottish Nation' which examined the political history of Scotland. Additional writings reflected a deep interest in Scottish culture and history, articulating views on national identity during a period of significant change in Scotland. Engaged in promoting the Scottish Enlightenment ideals, the author's work influenced contemporary and future discussions on Scottish history and culture.
Continue ReadingChristian Ehregott Weinlig
Born in Germany in 1743, a notable cantor and composer contributed significantly to choral music during the 18th century. Weinlig held various positions in church music, demonstrating a deep commitment to liturgical composition. A pivotal role included serving as cantor at St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, where he impacted the musical life of the community. His works showcased intricate counterpoint and harmonies, resulting in lasting contributions to the choral repertoire. The blending of traditional liturgical texts with innovative musical structures characterized his compositions, which remain relevant in church choirs today.
Continue ReadingGiuseppe Gazzaniga
Born in 1743, Gazzaniga was an Italian composer and educator. Active during the late 18th century, Gazzaniga significantly contributed to the operatic tradition. His most notable work, 'Don Giovanni', premiered in Venice and established him as a pre-eminent figure in the transition to the operatic style that would characterize the next century. Gazzaniga also produced several other operas, along with sacred music and chamber works, which were performed throughout Italy during his career. His influence extended through his teaching, fostering a new generation of musicians.
Continue ReadingCarl Peter Thunberg
Thunberg studied botany and entomology while serving as a student of Carl Linnaeus. Extensive travels to Japan and South Africa contributed to his notable collections. Thunberg published several significant works on botany and is credited with identifying numerous plant species. His work laid foundational knowledge for future botanical studies.
Continue ReadingMartin Heinrich Klaproth
A chemist and academic, contributed to the development of modern chemistry. Established the study of inorganic chemistry and was instrumental in discovering several elements. His research laid foundational concepts in the field of chemistry, particularly in the analysis of minerals and ores. Developed methods for detecting and isolating elements, advancing the understanding of chemical processes. His work significantly influenced the study of chemistry in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
Continue Reading