What Happened This Year 1781

Historical Events from This Year 1781 (View all 23)

Military & Warfare

6th Pennsylvania Regiment Mutiny in Morristown

January 1st, 1781 244 years ago

In early January 1781, about 1,500 soldiers from the 6th Pennsylvania Regiment, led by General Anthony Wayne, rebelled against the Continental Army's winter camp in Morristown, New Jersey. The dissatisfaction stemmed from issues such as pay delays and harsh winter conditions. The soldiers demanded better treatment and conditions, leading to a tense standoff that threatened the unity of the Continental Army during a critical time in the Revolutionary War.

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Military & Warfare

Benedict Arnold Leads Burn of Richmond

January 5th, 1781 244 years ago

Richmond, Virginia, was set ablaze by British naval forces commanded by former American general Benedict Arnold. This act of destruction occurred as a part of Arnold's campaign to assert British dominance in the Southern colonies. Following his controversial defection to the British side, Arnold's forces targeted Richmond, utilizing naval support to execute the conflagration. The burning was ostensibly aimed at crippling the American war effort and seizing control over supplies.

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Military & Warfare

British Victory in the Battle of Jersey

January 6th, 1781 244 years ago

The Battle of Jersey marked the last French attempt to invade Jersey, led by François de Grimaldi. British forces under Major Peirson engaged in fierce combat against the French at St. Helier, successfully repelling the invasion. The battle concluded with the British securing the island, resulting in significant losses for the French forces and demonstrating Britain's naval dominance in the region.

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Military & Warfare

Morgan's Forces Triumph at Cowpens

January 17th, 1781 244 years ago

Continental troops commanded by Brigadier General Daniel Morgan achieved a decisive victory over British forces led by Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton at the Battle of Cowpens in South Carolina. This conflict, occurring during the American Revolutionary War, was characterized by a carefully executed double envelopment tactic by Morgan's men, which overwhelmed Tarleton's forces and marked a turning point in the Southern Campaign of the war.

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Military & Warfare

British Capture of Sint Eustatius Island

February 3rd, 1781 244 years ago

British forces captured the Dutch Caribbean island of Sint Eustatius, which was a significant trading hub during the American Revolutionary War. This occurred as part of the British strategy to disrupt American trade and support for the revolution. The island was known for its role in arms supply to the American colonies, making its seizure vital for British interests in the region. The successful operation further demonstrated Britain's military reach in the Caribbean.

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Military & Warfare

Captain Thomas Shirley’s Expedition in Africa

February 18th, 1781 244 years ago

Captain Thomas Shirley led an expedition against Dutch colonial outposts on the Gold Coast, targeting trade and influence in the region. The campaign was part of a larger conflict, the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War, which saw Britain's attempts to assert control over Dutch territories in Africa and the Americas. Shirley aimed to diminish Dutch trading power in gold and other resources, vital for British interests at that time, showcasing the ongoing competition between colonial powers in the region.

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Born in 1781 (View all 37)

Joseph Hormayr

Historian and Baron zu Hortenburg
Born
January 20th, 1781 244 years ago
Died
October 5th, 1848 176 years ago — 67 years old

Born in 1781, this Austrian-German historian and politician contributed significantly to historical scholarship in the 19th century. His works focused on various aspects of Austrian and German history, emphasizing the importance of archival research and rigorous methodology. Hormayr's political career included serving in various capacities that influenced the historical narratives of his time. His writings garnered attention for their depth and coherence, solidifying his reputation in the academic community. As a baron, he also intersected with the socio-political fabric of his era, merging academia with public service.

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François Habeneck

French violinist and conductor of orchestras
Born
January 22nd, 1781 244 years ago
Died
February 8th, 1849 176 years ago — 68 years old

Violinist and conductor contributed significantly to the development of orchestral music in France during the 19th century. Established the Société des Concerts du Conservatoire in 1828, which played a crucial role in promoting symphonic works. Worked to enhance the techniques of orchestral interpretation and performance, influencing the standards of music making in Paris. Played a key role in the introduction of Beethoven's symphonies to French audiences, enhancing the appreciation of German classical music in France.

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Ludwig Achim von Arnim

German poet and author of 'Des Knaben Wunderhorn'
Born
January 26th, 1781 244 years ago
Died
January 21st, 1831 194 years ago — 49 years old

A prominent figure in early 19th century German literature, contributed significantly to the Romantic movement. Collaborated with Clemens Brentano on the folk poetry collection 'Des Knaben Wunderhorn', which played a crucial role in the revival of interest in German folklore and traditional songs. Von Arnim's own works include poetry and prose that often explored themes of nature and the human experience. His literary contributions helped shape the cultural landscape of his time.

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Adelbert von Chamisso

German botanist and poet
Born
January 30th, 1781 244 years ago
Died
August 21st, 1838 186 years ago — 57 years old

A prominent figure in botany and literature, contributed significantly to both fields. Authored the collection of poems titled 'Peter Schlemihl' which explores themes of identity and loss. Conducted a botanical expedition to the Pacific, leading to the discovery and classification of many plant species. Published scientific works that influenced the study of botany in Germany and beyond. His literary contributions are recognized for their depth and narrative style.

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John Keane

Irish general and politician, Governor
Born
February 6th, 1781 244 years ago
Died
1844 181 years ago — 63 years old

Born in 1781, this individual served as a general in the British Army and held the title of Governor of Saint Lucia. He played a significant role in military campaigns during the Napoleonic Wars. His governance in Saint Lucia was marked by efforts to maintain order and address the challenges of colonial administration during a turbulent period.

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Johann Baptist von Spix

Biologist and explorer of Brazil
Born
February 9th, 1781 244 years ago
Died
1826 199 years ago — 45 years old

Contributed significantly to the field of biology and exploration. Conducted extensive research in Brazil, documenting numerous species of plants and animals. Collaborated with German naturalist Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius on an expedition that traveled through the Brazilian rainforest. Authored 'Brasilien ' and other works that detailed observations and findings that enriched the understanding of Brazilian biodiversity.

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People Who Died in 1781 (View all 22)

Richard Challoner

English bishop and religious writer
Born
September 29th, 1691 333 years ago
Died
January 12th, 1781 244 years ago — 89 years old

Served as an English bishop and played a significant role in the Catholic Church during the 18th century. Established the Catholic mission in England and worked to strengthen the faith among English Catholics. Authored various religious texts and catechisms that contributed to Catholic education. His efforts were particularly influential during a time of religious strife in England following the Protestant Reformation.

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Josef Mysliveček

Czech composer of classical music
Born
March 9th, 1737 288 years ago
Died
February 4th, 1781 244 years ago — 43 years old

Born in Prague, this composer contributed significantly to the Classical music era. Primarily associated with operas and symphonies, works often showcased melodic creativity and harmonic innovation. Studied under various influential instructors and traveled extensively across Europe, particularly in Italy, where the music scene greatly influenced the composer's style. His operas were performed in prominent theaters and gained recognition for their emotional depth and lyrical beauty. Left behind a notable legacy of compositions that continued to influence later generations of musicians and composers.

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Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

German philosopher and playwright
Born
January 22nd, 1729 296 years ago
Died
February 15th, 1781 244 years ago — 52 years old

A key figure of the German Enlightenment, contributed significantly to philosophy and literature. Wrote influential works such as 'Nathan the Wise,' a dramatic poem advocating religious tolerance. Authored 'Laocoon,' which explored aesthetics and the nature of art. Lessing's critique of rationalism and promotion of freedom of thought played a pivotal role in shaping modern philosophy.

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George Taylor

Founding Father and Signer of the Declaration
Born
1716 309 years ago
Died
February 23rd, 1781 244 years ago — 65 years old

A prominent figure in the early history of the United States, played a significant role in the American Revolution. Served as a delegate to the Continental Congress, where signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Advocated for freedom and independence from British rule and supported the establishment of the United States as a sovereign nation. Held various positions within Pennsylvania's local government and contributed to the establishment of the state government post-independence. His efforts in shaping the foundational principles of the nation lasted well beyond his death.

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Anne Robert Jacques Turgot

Economist and French Controller-General
Born
1727 298 years ago
Died
March 18th, 1781 243 years ago — 54 years old

An influential economist and politician served as the Controller-General of Finances in France. Implemented economic reforms aimed at modernizing the French economy including promoting free trade and reducing regulatory restrictions. Advocated for the establishment of a single land tax to replace the various taxes that burdened the populace. His fiscal policies faced significant opposition and ultimately led to his dismissal from office during the financial tumult leading up to the French Revolution.

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James Abercrombie

Scottish general and politician
Born
1706 319 years ago
Died
April 23rd, 1781 243 years ago — 75 years old

Served as a prominent general in the British Army, leading forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. Commanded troops at the Battle of Alexandria in 1801, achieving a decisive victory against the French. Played a crucial role in campaigns across the Mediterranean, including the capture of the French-held island of Malta. Involved in political discussions regarding military strategies and governance during a transformative period in British history.

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