What Happened This Year 1781

People Who Died in 1781

Giovanni Battista Beccaria

Physicist and academic, notable for studies
Born
October 3rd, 1716 308 years ago
Died
May 27th, 1781 243 years ago — 64 years old

An Italian physicist and academic contributed significantly to the understanding of electricity and magnetism. His research laid foundations for future studies in these fields. Beccaria presented various theories and experiments that investigated the nature of electricity, significantly influencing the scientific community of the time. Besides academic pursuits, he was associated with the University of Turin, where he had a significant influence on the education and advancement of scientific knowledge in Italy. His work also encompassed various physical phenomena, which were published and discussed widely, establishing his reputation as a leading figure in the early exploration of physics.

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Johann Kies

German astronomer and mathematician
Born
September 14th, 1713 311 years ago
Died
July 29th, 1781 243 years ago — 67 years old

Contributed significantly to the field of astronomy and mathematics during the 18th century. Developed lunar tables and worked on calculating planetary positions. Published astronomical observations that aided in navigation and understanding celestial mechanics. His work influenced later developments in astronomy and mathematics.

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John Bligh

British parliamentarian and Earl
Born
October 1st, 1719 305 years ago
Died
July 31st, 1781 243 years ago — 61 years old

Served as the 3rd Earl of Darnley and contributed to British politics in the 18th century. Held significant positions within the British Parliament, influencing legislative decisions. Engaged in various political and social matters of his time, representing a prominent noble lineage.

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Edward Hawke

Admiral and British politician
Born
February 21st, 1705 320 years ago
Died
October 17th, 1781 243 years ago — 76 years old

An admiral and politician who served in the Royal Navy, led forces during significant naval battles in the Seven Years' War, and played a crucial role in the Battle of Quiberon Bay in 1759. Provided strategic leadership that helped establish British naval dominance. Appointed as First Lord of the Admiralty, overseeing naval affairs and policy during the latter part of the 18th century. Elevated to the peerage as Baron Hawke in recognition of military service.

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Johann Nikolaus Götz

German poet and author, renowned for "The Fruitful Harvest"
Born
July 9th, 1721 303 years ago
Died
November 4th, 1781 243 years ago — 60 years old

Born in 1721, a significant poet and author from Germany, contributed to German literature during the Enlightenment period. Produced several works that reflect the themes of the time, focusing on nature, morality, and humanity. His notable work, "The Fruitful Harvest," gained attention and showcased an innovative approach to poetic form. Götz was also involved in the literary community, engaging with contemporaries and influencing upcoming writers. His contributions to poetry included various forms, enriching the cultural landscape of the era.

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James Caldwell

American minister and Revolutionary War figure
Born
1734 291 years ago
Died
November 24th, 1781 243 years ago — 47 years old

A prominent American minister during the Revolutionary War, contributed significantly to the efforts of the Continental Army. Served as a chaplain and offered spiritual support to soldiers. Became actively involved in the revolutionary cause, advocating for independence and providing aid to troops. Also played a key role in rallying local support for the war effort through sermons and public speaking. Met a tragic end as a result of his commitment to the revolutionary cause.

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Charles-François de Broglie

French soldier and diplomat
Born
August 19th, 1719 305 years ago
Died
August 16th, 1791 233 years ago — 71 years old

A prominent military leader and diplomat in 18th century France, played a vital role during the War of the Austrian Succession. Acted as a commander in several significant battles, achieving notable victories that helped secure French interests. Served as a diplomat, negotiating important treaties that influenced the political landscape of Europe at the time. His contributions extended into his position as marquis de Ruffec, reflecting a commitment to both military and diplomatic endeavors.

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Richard Stockton

American lawyer and politician
Born
October 1st, 1730 294 years ago
Died
1781 244 years ago — 51 years old

A prominent lawyer, jurist, and politician, this individual played a significant role in the early formation of American government. Involved in New Jersey politics, this individual served as a delegate to the Continental Congress and was an early supporter of independence from British rule. This individual signed the Declaration of Independence, representing New Jersey. He also contributed to the establishment of state governance by participating in the New Jersey provincial congress and was later appointed to the New Jersey Supreme Court.

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Mariana Victoria of Spain

Spanish Infanta and Queen consort
Born
March 31st, 1718 306 years ago
Died
1781 244 years ago — 63 years old

Born in 1718, Mariana Victoria of Spain was an Infanta of Spain and later became the Queen consort of Portugal through marriage. She was a daughter of King Philip V of Spain and Queen consort Maria Luis of Savoy. In 1729, she married King Joseph I of Portugal, thus solidifying an important political alliance between Spain and Portugal. During her time as queen consort, she contributed to the Portuguese court's cultural life and had a significant role in the upbringing of the royal children. Her marriage marked a period of relative peace between the two kingdoms, and she navigated the complex political landscape of the Iberian Peninsula.

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