Historical Events from This Year 1802 (View all 14)
Establishment of the U.S. Military Academy
The Army Corps of Engineers was established to oversee the founding and operation of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. This initiative aimed to create a structured training facility for future army officers, emphasizing engineering and military sciences. The decision reflected a growing need for a formally educated officer corps as the nation expanded and faced various military challenges.
Continue ReadingTreaty of Amiens Concludes Hostilities
The Treaty of Amiens concluded hostilities between France and the United Kingdom, establishing a temporary peace following the lengthy conflicts of the French Revolutionary Wars. Negotiated by British Foreign Secretary Lord Hawkesbury and French negotiator Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand, it aimed to restore pre-war territorial boundaries and reestablish trade routes. The agreement took place in Amiens, France, indicating a willingness for diplomacy in the wake of continued unrest across Europe.
Continue ReadingDiscovery of the Asteroid 2 Pallas
Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers discovered 2 Pallas, the second asteroid in history, on March 28, 1802, using observational astronomy techniques. The asteroid, measured to be about 512 kilometers in diameter, was located in the asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter. Olbers, impressed by the significance of this find, continued to analyze the asteroid's orbit and position, contributing significantly to the field of celestial mechanics. His work further solidified the understanding of space and the presence of other celestial bodies.
Continue ReadingWahhabis Attack Karbala, Thousands Killed
In April 1802, approximately twelve thousand Wahhabis stormed the city of Karbala, inflicting significant casualties on the local population. The Wahhabi forces, motivated by a drive to eradicate what they viewed as heretical practices, laid waste to the city and killed over three thousand inhabitants in their assault. This event marked a violent chapter in the historical conflict between Wahhabism and Shia Islam, deeply impacting the region's socio-religious landscape.
Continue ReadingNapoleon's Amnesty for French Émigrés
Napoleon Bonaparte issued a general amnesty allowing nearly all émigrés from the French Revolution to return to France. This decision reflected his desire to stabilize the nation by reintegrating former citizens who had fled due to the political upheaval, while excluding about one thousand of the most notorious individuals. The amnesty sought to promote national unity and economic recovery after years of turmoil.
Continue ReadingD.C. Incorporates as a City with Mayor-Council Government
Washington, D.C. was formally incorporated as a city when Congress abolished the previously existing Board of Commissioners, which served as the District's original government. The newly established structure introduced a mayor-council form of governance for the City of Washington, promoting local administration by electing a mayor and establishing a city council. This change marked a significant shift in governance, aiming to provide more representative local leadership.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1802 (View all 43)
Charles Pelham Villiers
A prominent lawyer and politician in England, served as a member of Parliament for over 60 years. Played a significant role in various reforms and legislative initiatives throughout the 19th century. Advocated for social issues and was actively involved in numerous parliamentary debates. His commitment to public service and dedication to legal matters left a lasting mark on the political landscape.
Continue ReadingCarl Ritter von Ghega
An Italian engineer was instrumental in the design of the Semmering railway, one of the first mountain railways in the world. This engineering feat, completed in 1854, distinctly showcased innovative construction techniques adapted for challenging terrains. The railway became a pivotal development in railway transportation, connecting the regions of Vienna and Trieste, and significantly contributed to the expansion of the rail network in Europe during the 19th century. His work also influenced subsequent civil engineering projects in mountainous areas.
Continue ReadingRichard Upjohn
An architect active in the 19th century, contributed to the Gothic Revival style in American architecture. Established a reputation in the United States after emigrating from England. Designed notable buildings including Trinity Church in Manhattan, which is considered a masterpiece of Gothic architecture. Part of the American Institute of Architects and served as its first president, influencing architectural practices during this period.
Continue ReadingJean-Baptiste Boussingault
Contributed significantly to the field of chemistry and agricultural science. Conducted pioneering research on the role of nitrogen in plant growth. Served as a professor at the University of the Republic in Colombia and contributed to agricultural practices in Europe and South America. Explored the relationship between soil fertilizer and crop yield, leading to advancements in agronomy.
Continue ReadingCharles Wheatstone
A physicist and cryptographer, contributions included the invention of the Wheatstone bridge, which measures electrical resistance and is widely used in electrical engineering. Developed early telegraphic communication systems and improved the functionality of existing telegraph systems. Conducted experiments on the perception of sound and light, contributing to the field of acoustics and optics. Authored numerous papers on electricity and other scientific subjects, advancing knowledge in both theoretical and practical domains.
Continue ReadingLydia Maria Child
A prominent journalist, author, and activist, contributed significantly to social reform in the 19th century. Published a series of influential books, including 'Hobomok' in 1824, which was one of the first novels to depict Native American characters sympathetically. Actively campaigned against slavery and supported women's rights, writing extensively on both subjects. Served as editor for the influential magazine 'The National Anti-Slavery Standard' and was among the first to advocate for the rights of women and children. Her work laid the foundation for the abolitionist movement and she became a respected voice among reformers.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1802 (View all 18)
Welbore Ellis
Served as Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1782 to 1783, managing colonial affairs during a tumultuous period post-American Revolution. Held the title of 1st Baron Mendip and was involved in various political matters of the time. Represented multiple constituencies in the House of Commons, contributing to discussions about governance and colonial policy. Played a role in the transition of British colonial management following significant changes in the American territories.
Continue ReadingPedro Rodríguez
A Spanish statesman and economist played a crucial role in the political and economic landscape of Spain during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Rodríguez served as a minister under King Charles III and implemented significant economic reforms. His efforts focused on modernizing Spain's economy, promoting agricultural improvements, and enhancing trade practices. The contributions made during his tenure had lasting effects on the nation’s financial structures and policies. Rodríguez also held various administrative roles that shaped Spain's approach to economic management.
Continue ReadingEsek Hopkins
Served as the first commander-in-chief of the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War. Commanded several missions against British forces and was involved in key naval engagements. Developed strategies that contributed to the fledgling nation's naval capabilities, despite facing challenges within the Congress and conflicts with other naval leaders. His actions set a foundation for future naval operations as the United States sought independence.
Continue ReadingErasmus Darwin
A prominent English physician and botanist, contributed significantly to the fields of medicine and botany. Advocated for the education of women in the sciences. Published a number of works including 'Zoonomia,' which explored topics related to evolution and the natural world. Also engaged in various botanical studies that advanced understanding of plant life.
Continue ReadingHerman Willem Daendels
Served as a general in the Dutch military and held the position of Governor-General of the Dutch Gold Coast. Focused on improving the infrastructure and governance of the colony during the early 19th century. Implemented significant reforms that facilitated trade and administration in the region. His tenure was marked by efforts to enhance military defenses and establish colonial regulations.
Continue ReadingMartha Washington
Born in 1731, served as the First Lady during the presidency of George Washington from 1789 to 1797. Managed the household and social responsibilities that accompanied the role. Played a significant part in the Revolutionary War by supporting troops with supplies and morale. Engaged in various social and charitable activities, influencing the social landscape of the time.
Continue Reading