Historical Events from This Year 1818 (View all 17)
Publication of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley anonymously published her novel 'Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus' in London. This groundbreaking work is often cited as one of the earliest examples of science fiction. Shelley explored themes of creation, responsibility, and the consequences of man's pursuit of knowledge through the story of Victor Frankenstein and his monstrous creation. Despite its initial publication being anonymous, the novel would eventually solidify Shelley's status as a significant literary figure and inspire countless adaptations and discussions in literature and philosophy.
Continue ReadingFounding of the British Institution of Civil Engineers
A group of six engineers founded the British Institution of Civil Engineers, with Thomas Telford later becoming its first president. This institution aimed to promote the profession and improve engineering practices in the United Kingdom. It provided a platform for engineers to collaborate and elevate the standards of civil engineering, contributing to the expansion of infrastructure during the Industrial Revolution.
Continue ReadingBrewster Announces Biaxial Crystals Discovery
David Brewster presented his findings on doubly-refracting crystals to the Royal Society, highlighting the biaxial class. Simultaneously, Augustin-Jean Fresnel prepared a supplement regarding the reflection of polarized light, demonstrating ongoing advancements in optics and light behavior, leading to significant developments in the field.
Continue ReadingJean-Baptiste Bernadotte Becomes King of Sweden
Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, originally a Marshal of France, was elected Crown Prince of Sweden in 1810 and ascended to the thrones of Sweden and Norway in 1818. His coronation marked a significant moment in European politics as he managed to integrate his French heritage with Scandinavian royal traditions. Bernadotte's election was primarily a maneuver to ensure stability and peace in the region following the Napoleonic Wars, especially as Sweden sought to maintain neutrality. His reign would see several reforms and the solidification of a constitutional monarchy in Sweden.
Continue ReadingBernardo O'Higgins Approves Chilean Independence
Bernardo O'Higgins, the Supreme Director of Chile, formally approved the Chilean Declaration of Independence near Concepción. This significant milestone came during a time of ongoing conflict against Spanish colonial rule. The declaration embraced the ideals of sovereignty and self-governance, symbolizing Chile's aspirations for freedom. O'Higgins' leadership was pivotal in rallying support for the independence movement in the region, reflecting a broader trend in Latin America towards liberation from colonial dominance.
Continue ReadingAugustin Fresnel Presents Optical Rotation Findings
Augustin Fresnel presented a memoir on optical rotation to the French Academy of Sciences, where he explained that when polarized light is depolarized by a Fresnel rhomb, its properties remain intact during subsequent interactions with optically-rotating materials. This revelation added significant understanding to the field of optics and encouraged further exploration of polarized light's behavior.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1818 (View all 75)
William Gamble
Born in Ireland, Gamble migrated to the United States in the early 19th century. He attended West Point and graduated in 1840. Gamble served in the Mexican-American War and later held various positions in the U.S. Army. During the Civil War, he rose to prominence as a Union general, participating in several key battles, including the Battle of Gettysburg. Gamble commanded a brigade, demonstrating military leadership that contributed to Union efforts.
Continue ReadingAntoine Samuel Adam-Salomon
Active in the 19th century, this individual became a significant figure in sculpture and photography. Initially noted for creating busts of notable personalities, the individual also developed a technique in photography that emphasized the artistic aspects of portraiture. By combining sculpture and photography, the work achieved a unique status in the art world of the time.
Continue ReadingZachris Topelius
A prominent figure in Finnish literature and journalism, contributed considerably to Finnish identity and culture during the 19th century. Authored several novels, poetry collections, and children's stories, focusing on themes related to Finnish folklore and history. Played a significant role in the development of Finnish-language literature. Edited various publications, advocating for national education and media.
Continue ReadingGeorge S. Boutwell
An American lawyer and politician served as the 28th Secretary of the Treasury. Held various political offices including Governor of Massachusetts and U.S. Congressman. Participated in significant fiscal policies during the Reconstruction era. Helped shape regulations and policies during a period of economic transition.
Continue ReadingEmperor Norton
An English-American businessman declared himself Emperor of the United States in 1859, living in San Francisco. The proclamation brought a unique blend of humor and absurdity to local culture. Despite lacking any formal power, enacted edicts, including the establishment of a bridge between California and the Pacific coast. Received public support and affection, often seen as a symbol of hope during challenging economic times. Lived in relative obscurity until death in 1880.
Continue ReadingWilliam M. Evarts
Served as the 27th United States Secretary of State from 1868 to 1869. Played a crucial role in several significant diplomatic negotiations during the post-Civil War era. Also held positions as the U.S. Attorney General and U.S. Senator from New York. Contributed to legal scholarship and practiced law, being involved in notable cases, including the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1818 (View all 25)
Charles XIII
Ruled as King of Sweden from 1809 until death in 1818. Oversaw the establishment of the new Swedish Constitution in 1809, which laid the groundwork for a modern parliamentary system. Struggled with military conflicts involving Sweden during the Napoleonic Wars, resulting in significant territorial loss. Promoted cultural and educational development within Sweden, establishing institutions that advanced the arts and sciences. Sought to improve relations with neighboring countries and maintained a position of relative neutrality during conflicts in Europe.
Continue ReadingGeorge Rogers Clark
An American general played a crucial role in the American Revolutionary War. Commanded troops during the Illinois Campaign, capturing British forts at Kaskaskia and Cahokia. Led the successful surprise attack on Fort Vincennes in 1779, which significantly weakened British control in the Northwest Territory. Later appointed as the commander of the United States Army in the Western Department, helping secure American interests in the region during the post-war period.
Continue ReadingFrederick Louis
Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen served as a military leader during the early 19th century. He played a significant role in the Napoleonic Wars, leading troops in various campaigns. He became involved in the politics of the time and contributed to the leadership of his region. His lineage influenced the noble structures of the German territories, with a lasting legacy on his family’s status.
Continue ReadingPaul Revere
A prominent silversmith and engraver, served as an important figure in the American Revolution. Engaged in midnight rides to warn colonists of British troop movements. Contributed to revolutionary efforts through his craftsmanship and propaganda engravings. His most famous work includes the engraving of the Boston Massacre, which played a critical role in galvanizing colonial sentiment against British rule.
Continue ReadingMatthew Lewis
An English author and playwright, this figure produced some of the early examples of Gothic literature. The most recognized work is the novel 'The Monk', published in 1796, which explores themes of desire, sin, and morality through its controversial depiction of a monk's descent into depravity. His other works included plays and novels that contributed to the literary landscape of the late 18th century, but none reached the same level of notoriety as 'The Monk'.
Continue ReadingMichael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
Served as a field marshal in the Russian Empire and held the position of Governor-General of Finland. Participated in the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleonic France, achieving significant military victories. Oversaw the defense of Russia during the French invasion in 1812 and contributed to the strategic planning that led to the French retreat. Advocated for military reforms and modernization of the Russian army.
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