What Happened This Year 1851

Historical Events from This Year 1851 (View all 25)

Social Movements & Civil Rights

Hong Xiuquan Establishes Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

January 11th, 1851 174 years ago

Hong Xiuquan, a former civil servant, proclaimed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Jintian, Guangxi, leading a significant uprising against the Qing Dynasty. Motivated by his visions and beliefs, he asserted divine mandate to establish a new Christian kingdom, fundamentally challenging the traditional Chinese social order and authority. The Jintian Uprising marked the beginning of one of the deadliest conflicts within China, as it mobilized thousands to support its cause against the Qing government, ultimately resulting in widespread rebellion and massive social upheaval.

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Education & Academia

Northwestern University Chartered in Illinois

January 28th, 1851 174 years ago

Northwestern University became the first chartered university in Illinois, signifying a milestone in the state's educational development. The charter, granted by the Illinois General Assembly, aimed to establish an institution that would promote higher education in a growing region. The university began as a small college with a mission to serve the community and cultivate leaders. This event was pivotal in shaping the landscape of education in Illinois, highlighting the importance of universities in the growth of communities during the mid-19th century.

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Natural Disasters

Massive Bushfires Sweeping Through Victoria

February 6th, 1851 174 years ago

In June 1851, the largest bushfires ever recorded in a populous region occurred in Victoria, Australia. The fires swept through the landscape, fueled by extreme drought conditions and strong winds. The blaze began to spread, devastating large areas of farmland and forest, impacting both human settlements and wildlife. Despite efforts to contain the flames, the intensity of the fires led to significant destruction and loss of life, with many communities affected and displaced.

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Arts & Culture

First Performance of Rigoletto by Verdi

March 11th, 1851 174 years ago

Giuseppe Verdi's opera 'Rigoletto' premiered in Venice at the Teatro La Fenice, marking a significant moment in the history of opera. Known for its rich melodies and emotional depth, the opera tells the story of the tragic fate of Rigoletto, a court jester, and his daughter Gilda. The premiere was met with great anticipation, following the controversial censorship surrounding its libretto. The striking themes of love, betrayal, and revenge resonated with the audience, establishing 'Rigoletto' as one of Verdi's masterpieces and a key work in the operatic canon.

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Politics & Government

Rama IV Ascends to the Throne of Thailand

April 3rd, 1851 173 years ago

Rama IV, also known as Mongkut, became King of Thailand following the death of his half-brother, King Rama III. His reign marked significant modernization efforts in Thailand, including reforms in education, technology, and international relations. A devoted monk prior to his ascension, Rama IV aimed to strengthen his kingdom and bridge traditional Buddhist teachings with Western influences. His leadership initiated a transformative period in Thai history.

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Arts & Culture

Queen Victoria Opens The Great Exhibition

May 1st, 1851 173 years ago

Queen Victoria inaugurated The Great Exhibition at The Crystal Palace in London, a grand showcase of industrial and artistic achievements from around the world. Designed by Joseph Paxton, the palace was a cast-iron and glass structure that symbolized Victorian innovation and progress. The event aimed to promote the industrial revolution and celebrate the UK's role in global commerce. It featured exhibits from numerous countries, attracting millions of visitors and establishing the exhibition as a precursor for future international fairs.

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Born in 1851 (View all 97)

William Hall-Jones

Politician, 16th Prime Minister of New Zealand
Born
January 16th, 1851 174 years ago
Died
1936 89 years ago — 85 years old

Served as the 16th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1906 to 1908. His tenure included efforts to improve social legislation and education. Prior to becoming Prime Minister, held various positions in the government and contributed to the establishment of the New Zealand Liberal Party. Focused on infrastructure development and expansion of democratic reforms during the administration. Engaged in numerous public service roles.

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A. B. Frost

Illustrator and author of children's books
Born
January 17th, 1851 174 years ago
Died
June 22nd, 1928 96 years ago — 77 years old

A significant contributor to children's literature, this individual illustrated numerous works that became staples in American storytelling. The artistic style combined with whimsical themes captivated young audiences. Works included contributions to notable publications and collaborations with acclaimed authors. The art captured the essence of childhood adventures, often portraying scenes from everyday life in a playful manner. This individual's illustrations adorned classics and helped shape the visual language of children's books during the late 19th century.

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Jacobus Kapteyn

Dutch astronomer and academic
Born
January 19th, 1851 174 years ago
Died
June 18th, 1922 102 years ago — 71 years old

Contributed significantly to the field of astronomy, particularly in the study of star distribution and the structure of the Milky Way galaxy. Developed the Kapteyn Method, which involves statistical techniques to analyze star positions and brightness. Served as a professor at the University of Groningen and published extensively in astronomical journals. His work laid the groundwork for later developments in galactic astronomy.

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Giuseppe Allamano

Italian Roman Catholic priest and founder
Born
January 21st, 1851 174 years ago
Died
1926 99 years ago — 75 years old

Became a priest in the Congregation of the Mission in 1875. Founded the Consolata Missionaries in 1901, focusing on missionary work in Africa. Established various missionary projects that provided education and healthcare. Influenced the training and spiritual formation of many missionaries. Worked extensively in promoting the Catholic faith and the missionary spirit in Italy and abroad.

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Durham Stevens

American lawyer and diplomat
Born
February 1st, 1851 174 years ago
Died
March 25th, 1908 116 years ago — 57 years old

Born in 1851, this individual served as an American lawyer and diplomat. His diplomatic career included a prominent role as a Special Commissioner to the Hawaiian Islands, where he worked on relations between the United States and Hawaii during a critical period of annexation discussions. He held the position of U.S. Minister to the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1893 to 1898, navigating complex political landscapes and international treaties. Throughout his legal career, he contributed to various legal practices and discussions regarding U.S. law, with a focus on the implications of overseas territories. His work laid the groundwork for subsequent diplomatic interactions with Pacific nations.

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José Guadalupe Posada

Mexican engraver, illustrator, and caricaturist
Born
February 2nd, 1851 174 years ago
Died
January 20th, 1913 112 years ago — 61 years old

An influential engraver and illustrator, contributed significantly to Mexican popular culture through visual art. Worked extensively in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, creating illustrations for books, newspapers, and broadsides. Developed a distinctive style characterized by calaveras, or skeletons, which conveyed social and political commentary. The art reflected the complexities of Mexican society and culture during a time of upheaval, particularly surrounding the Mexican Revolution. His works remain iconic representations of Mexican identity and tradition.

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People Who Died in 1851 (View all 29)

Karl Freiherr von Müffling

Prussian Field Marshal and military leader
Born
June 12th, 1775 249 years ago
Died
January 10th, 1851 174 years ago — 75 years old

Achieved prominence in the Prussian Army, serving during the Napoleonic Wars. Participated in key battles, including the Battle of Leipzig in 1813. Held the position of Chief of Staff and contributed to military planning and strategies. Reached the rank of field marshal and influenced military reforms in Prussia. After retirement, engaged in historical writing and analysis, documenting military experiences and strategies.

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Esteban Echeverría

Argentinian poet and author of "El matadero"
Born
September 2nd, 1805 219 years ago
Died
January 19th, 1851 174 years ago — 45 years old

A prominent figure in Argentine literature, focused on themes of social justice and freedom. Echeverría contributed significantly to the literary and cultural landscape of Argentina during the 19th century. His most notable work, "El matadero" (The Slaughterhouse), critiqued the oppressive political regime of his time and became a cornerstone of Argentine literature. Echeverría was associated with the Romantic movement and played a crucial role in the establishment of a national literary identity. Despite limited recognition during his lifetime, later generations celebrated his contributions to poetry and prose as pivotal in shaping Argentine cultural thought.

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Albert Lortzing

German actor and composer of operas
Born
October 23rd, 1801 223 years ago
Died
January 21st, 1851 174 years ago — 49 years old

Pioneered the operetta genre in Germany. Acted in and composed works that combined spoken dialogue with music. His compositions often featured themes of social issues and national identity. Lortzing's most notable works include 'Zar und Zimmermann' and 'Der Wildschütz', both of which reflect a blend of humor and drama. His contributions significantly shaped the landscape of German musical theater during the 19th century.

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John James Audubon

Ornithologist and painter of birds
Born
April 26th, 1785 239 years ago
Died
January 27th, 1851 174 years ago — 65 years old

A French-American ornithologist and painter, recognized for extensive studies of North American birds. Created 'The Birds of America', a groundbreaking collection of bird illustrations that features high-quality, life-sized images of various bird species. The work contributed to the field of ornithology and art, showcasing over 400 species with detailed observations. His artistic approach combined scientific accuracy with aesthetic quality, influencing both art and natural history. Founded the Audubon Society, which promotes conservation of birds and their habitats.

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Mary Shelley

English Novelist; Frankenstein author
Born
August 30th, 1797 227 years ago
Died
February 1st, 1851 174 years ago — 53 years old

An English novelist and playwright, this individual is celebrated for writing the novel 'Frankenstein', which is one of the earliest examples of science fiction. The book was first published in 1818 and explored themes of creation, responsibility, and the human condition. Additionally, the work is often regarded as a precursor to modern horror literature. Besides 'Frankenstein', contributions included other works such as 'The Last Man' and several essays on various topics. The influence of this individual’s writing extends well into contemporary literature and popular culture.

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Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi

Mathematician and academic known for elliptic functions
Born
December 10th, 1804 220 years ago
Died
February 18th, 1851 174 years ago — 46 years old

Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi contributed significantly to the field of mathematics, particularly in the development of elliptic functions and determinants. Appointed to the University of Königsberg, he made substantial advancements in the theory of functions, including transformations and applications of elliptic integrals. Jacobi also studied and articulated various mathematical theories, earning recognition for his contributions to differential equations and mechanics. His work laid the groundwork for future mathematicians exploring complex analysis and algebra.

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