What Happened This Year 1865
Historical Events from This Year 1865 (View all 62)
Brazilians and Coloradans Capture Paysandú
In the context of the Uruguayan War, the siege of Paysandú culminated in its capture by Brazilian and Colorado forces. This crucial military engagement took place in an attempt by these forces to control the city, which was a stronghold of the Blanco faction. After a protracted siege, the city was taken, marking a decisive point in the conflict and shifting the balance of power in the region.
Continue ReadingUnion Victory at Fort Fisher in North Carolina
Fort Fisher, a stronghold for the Confederacy in North Carolina, was captured by Union forces on January 15, 1865. This pivotal battle significantly weakened the Confederate supply chain, cutting off access to the last major seaport at Wilmington. Led by Major General Alfred H. Terry, the Union army employed a combination of naval bombardment and ground assault to overcome the formidable defenses of the fort, marking a turning point in the war as the South struggled to sustain its military efforts.
Continue ReadingThirteenth Amendment Passed by Congress
The United States Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment, a pivotal constitutional amendment that abolished slavery throughout the United States. Following intense debates and advocacy, the House of Representatives voted in favor of the amendment, with significant support from President Abraham Lincoln, who emphasized the importance of ending slavery in his efforts to unify the nation. The amendment was then submitted to the states for ratification, marking a critical moment in American history during the Civil War.
Continue ReadingRobert E. Lee Named General-in-Chief of Confederacy
Robert E. Lee was appointed the general-in-chief of all Confederate armies amid the declining fortunes of the Confederacy. This appointment was partly due to the South's struggles in the face of overwhelming Union forces. Lee was tasked with coordinating military strategies to bolster Confederate defenses as the Civil War drew closer to its conclusion. His leadership was seen as pivotal in attempting to unify the fragmented command structure of the Southern forces during this critical phase of the war.
Continue ReadingLincoln Promulgates the Thirteenth Amendment
President Abraham Lincoln signed the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States. This landmark legislation marked a critical moment in American history and reflected the growing social and political momentum toward emancipation. The amendment was passed by Congress in January 1865 and was signed by Lincoln at the White House in Washington, D.C. Its passage was crucial in the context of the ongoing Civil War, aiming to ensure liberty and equality for all individuals, particularly African Americans. The Thirteenth Amendment set the stage for subsequent civil rights advancements.
Continue ReadingVölkner Incident during East Cape War
The Völkner Incident involved the capture and killing of missionary Carl Völkner by Māori forces in New Zealand during the East Cape War. This occurred after tensions escalated between the British colonists and Māori tribes who resisted colonization efforts. Völkner, who had been working in the region, was perceived as a symbol of colonization. His death fueled further conflict in an already volatile environment.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1865 (View all 133)
Henry Lytton
An English actor and comedian, recognized for performances in light operas. Achieved early fame in the production of 'The Pirates of Penzance' and continued to perform in the Savoy operas of Gilbert and Sullivan. Served as a prominent figure in British theatre during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, integrating humor and music into performances. Established a legacy within the realm of comic operettas, influencing future generations of actors in the genre.
Continue ReadingWinnaretta Singer
Born in 1865, a prominent American philanthropist, supported numerous artistic and cultural initiatives. Played a significant role in the establishment of various salons and institutions that promoted the arts in Europe. Championed causes for women's rights and advancements in social issues, particularly in France. Engaged with leading artists and composers of the time, contributing to the cultural landscape of the early 20th century.
Continue ReadingPrincess Marie of Orléans
Born into the House of Orléans, significant activities centered around social welfare and education. Marriage to Prince Philippe, Count of Paris, aligned with royal duties in France. Actively supported various charitable organizations and educational initiatives. Established the École des Enfants de France to promote education among disadvantaged children. Involved in the French Red Cross during World War I, contributing to wartime relief efforts.
Continue ReadingSir Charles Fergusson
Born in 1865, a military officer in the British Army achieved the rank of General. Served as the 3rd Governor-General of New Zealand from 1924 to 1930. During the tenure, focused on promoting good relations between the government and the Māori people, and played a significant role in post-World War I recovery efforts. Advocated for civil defense measures and advancement in agricultural practices as part of his administration.
Continue ReadingWilhelm Ramsay
A prominent geologist and professor, contributed significantly to the understanding of geological formations. Developed new theories in the field of geomorphology and mineralogy, influencing both academic research and practical applications. His research encompassed various aspects of geology, including the study of rock formations and their implications for understanding Earth's history. Held academic positions at leading institutions and mentored numerous students, fostering future generations of geologists.
Continue ReadingYvette Guilbert
A prominent figure in the Parisian cabaret scene, contributions spanned singing and acting. Gained popularity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly remembered for performances at the famous Moulin Rouge. Established a unique style that blended theatrical elements with music. Worked with notable composers, producing distinctive songs that reflected contemporary themes. Also performed in operetta and recorded numerous songs, helping to popularize French chanson.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1865 (View all 59)
Aimé duc de Clermont-Tonnerre
Served as a general in the French Army and held the position of Minister of Defence. Contributed to military strategies during significant conflicts in France in the 19th century. Engaged in political affairs and helped shape defense policies of the time. Participation in military leadership solidified a legacy within the French military landscape.
Continue ReadingEdmond François Valentin About
A journalist and author, focused on social and political themes. Authored several novels, including "Tolla" and "Le Roman d'un jeune homme pauvre". Noted for satirical works and criticism of society, especially concerning the issues of the time. Engaged in journalism with regular contributions to various publications, providing insightful commentary on contemporary events. His works often reflected personal experiences and the struggles of the individual within society.
Continue ReadingPierre-Joseph Proudhon
Born in France in 1809, contributed to political philosophy and economics. Advocated for mutualism and was the first to declare that 'property is theft.' Engaged in various political activities, including opposition to bourgeois capitalism. Wrote extensively, with major works including 'What Is Property?' and 'System of Economic Contradictions.' His ideas laid groundwork for later socialist movements and anarchist theory, influencing various political schools of thought.
Continue ReadingHeinrich Lenz
A physicist and academic, contributed significantly to the field of electromagnetism. Formulated Lenz's Law, a fundamental principle that describes the direction of induced current in a conductor. Held a position as a professor and conducted research that advanced the understanding of electric currents and magnetic fields. Engaged in various scientific societies and published several important papers during his career.
Continue ReadingOtto Ludwig
An influential author and playwright, contributed significantly to German literature in the 19th century. Wrote novels, essays, plays, and critiques focusing on realism and psychological themes. The works exhibit a profound understanding of human emotions and social dynamics. Notable plays include 'Das Mädchen von Pjöngjang' and 'Der Erbfall', which reflect the complexities of human relationships. Engaged critically with contemporary writers and movements, shaping literary discussions of the time. Worked extensively as a critic, promoting literary standards in Germany during his era.
Continue ReadingCarl Sylvius Völkner
Served as a missionary and priest in New Zealand. Established a mission station at Opotiki. Engaged with local Maori communities and worked to promote the Christian faith. Contributed to the translation of biblical texts into the Maori language. Became involved in regional socio-political issues, leading to tensions with local tribes. Assassinated in 1865 amid conflicts between settlers and indigenous populations.
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