What Happened This Year 1875

Historical Events from This Year 1875 (View all 19)

Arts & Culture

Inauguration of the Palais Garnier in Paris

January 5th, 1875 150 years ago

The Palais Garnier, an architectural masterpiece, was inaugurated in Paris, serving as a symbol of the opulence of the Second Empire period. Designed by architect Charles Garnier, the opera house showcased a blend of Baroque and Renaissance styles, making it an iconic cultural venue. The opening marked the beginning of a new era for French opera, appealing to a diverse audience and becoming a central location for artistic expression. The inaugural performance featured the grand opera ‘Don Juan’ by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, highlighting the theater's commitment to high-quality productions.

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Accidents & Tragedies

SS Gothenburg Sinks near Great Barrier Reef

February 24th, 1875 150 years ago

The SS Gothenburg was a steamship that struck the Great Barrier Reef off the east coast of Australia. This tragic maritime disaster occurred while the ship was en route to Sydney from Brisbane. Onboard were approximately 100 passengers, including many civil servants and dignitaries, who tragically lost their lives as the ship sank after hitting the reef. The incident raised significant concerns about maritime safety in the treacherous waters of the reef.

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Politics & Government

Guangxu Emperor's Reign Begins Under Cixi

February 25th, 1875 150 years ago

Guangxu Emperor ascended to the throne of China amid the powerful influence of Empress Dowager Cixi, who acted as regent. Born Zaitian, Guangxu was only four years old when he became emperor after the death of his adopted predecessor, Tongzhi Emperor. Under Cixi's guidance, he was groomed for leadership, but was often overshadowed by her authority. His reign would be marked by attempts at reform and modernization in Qing China, amidst significant internal and external pressures.

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Sports & Recreation

First Organized Indoor Ice Hockey Game

March 3rd, 1875 150 years ago

In Montreal, Quebec, the first organized indoor game of ice hockey was played, marking a significant step in the evolution of the sport. This game took place at Victoria Skating Rink and was organized by McGill University students. The rules were influenced by field hockey and rugby. The Montreal Gazette noted the excitement surrounding the game, with teams comprising of nine players each. The event drew significant attention, showcasing the popularity of ice hockey as a burgeoning sport in Canada.

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Religion & Philosophy

First Cardinal Appointment in the U.S.

March 15th, 1875 150 years ago

John McCloskey was named the first cardinal in the United States, a historic recognition of the growing influence of the Catholic Church in the country. This elevation marked a significant milestone for American Catholicism, reflecting both ecclesiastical and social advancements for the community. The appointment was announced by Pope Pius IX and underscored the church's expansion and integration into the fabric of American life, particularly in the urban centers of the Northeast.

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Social Movements & Civil Rights

Founding of Arya Samaj by Dayananda Saraswati

April 10th, 1875 150 years ago

Swami Dayananda Saraswati established the Arya Samaj in Mumbai to promote social reforms based on Vedic principles. This organization aimed to counteract the social inequalities and caste discrimination prevalent in society, advocating for women's rights, education, and the rejection of superstitions. Through its teachings and outreach, Arya Samaj sought to uplift society and reform Hindu practices.

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Born in 1875 (View all 149)

Reynaldo Hahn

Composer of 'Romeo et Juliette'
Born
August 9th, 1874 150 years ago
Died
January 28th, 1947 78 years ago — 72 years old

Born in Venezuela and later becoming a naturalized French citizen, this composer gained recognition for contributions to music, particularly in the realm of opera and art songs. He studied at the Paris Conservatory and became associated with notable figures in the Parisian cultural scene. His works often reflected a blend of French and Venezuelan elements. 'Romeo et Juliette', one of his significant operas, premiered in 1927. Aside from composition, activities included conducting and music criticism, which further established a prominent presence in the early 20th century music landscape. Engagements encompassed various orchestras and soirées, showcasing artistic collaboration.

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Alexandros Diomidis

Greek banker and Prime Minister
Born
January 3rd, 1875 150 years ago
Died
November 11th, 1950 74 years ago — 75 years old

Served as the 145th Prime Minister of Greece. Held the office during a challenging period, focusing on financial stabilization and governmental reform. Contributed to the modernization of the Greek banking system. Worked to strengthen Greece's economic foundations, impacting both public policy and the private sector.

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Gustav Flatow

German gymnast and Olympic medalist
Born
January 7th, 1875 150 years ago
Died
1945 80 years ago — 70 years old

Competed in gymnastics during the early 20th century, achieving notable success in international competitions. Participated in the 1896 Summer Olympics, contributing to the sport's development in Germany. Acquired several national titles and was a prominent figure in gymnastics, exemplifying the art and discipline of the sport.

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Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney

Sculptor and founder of Whitney Museum
Born
January 9th, 1875 150 years ago
Died
April 18th, 1942 83 years ago — 67 years old

An American heiress and sculptor contributed significantly to the art world through both her artistic endeavors and her philanthropy. Whitney founded the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1931, which became a vital institution for showcasing American art. As a sculptor, her works often featured themes of the American experience and included public commissions that enhanced urban landscapes. Her passion for art also led to an extensive collection, which formed the foundation of the museum's holdings, focusing on 20th-century American artists.

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Issai Schur

German mathematician and academic
Born
January 10th, 1875 150 years ago
Died
January 10th, 1941 84 years ago — 66 years old

Born in 1875, a German mathematician made significant contributions to number theory and algebra. Schur's work focused on the theory of representations of groups and the theory of partitions. He served as a professor at several universities, influencing many students. Schur's research laid foundational work in various areas of mathematics, particularly in the understanding of symmetric functions and group representations.

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Reinhold Glière

Russian composer, 'The Red Poppy'
Born
January 11th, 1875 150 years ago
Died
June 23rd, 1956 68 years ago — 81 years old

Born in 1875, a composer and academic contributed to Russian classical music through various works that blended Russian folk themes with Western classical structures. Studied at the Moscow Conservatory, later becoming a professor there. Composed symphonies, chamber music, and operas, demonstrating a unique style rooted in national tradition. 'The Red Poppy', an acclaimed ballet, gained recognition for its vibrant orchestration and thematic depth, reflecting the cultural zeitgeist of the era. Other significant compositions include symphonic poems and operas, notable for their lyrical qualities and rich harmonies. His influence extended through teaching, shaping future generations of composers.

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People Who Died in 1875 (View all 48)

Pierre Larousse

French lexicographer and publisher
Born
October 23rd, 1817 207 years ago
Died
January 3rd, 1875 150 years ago — 57 years old

A prominent French lexicographer and publisher, contributed significantly to the field of reference works. Founded Larousse, a publishing company, renowned for its dictionaries and encyclopedias. Published the first edition of 'Le Grand Dictionnaire Universel' in 1866, which became a standard within French lexicography. His approach combined thorough research with a focus on clarity and accessibility, influencing future reference publications.

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Jean-François Millet

Painter of rural life and 'The Gleaners'
Born
October 4th, 1814 210 years ago
Died
January 20th, 1875 150 years ago — 60 years old

A prominent French painter and educator, Millet specialized in the depiction of peasant life and agricultural scenes. Throughout his career, he aimed to portray the dignity of rural labor. His most celebrated work, 'The Gleaners', showcases three women gleaning wheat, emphasizing the importance of their labor. Millet's style evolved from realism to a more impressionistic approach, highlighting the natural beauty of the countryside. He was a key figure in the Barbizon School, which focused on realistic portrayals of rural scenes and landscapes. In addition to painting, he contributed to the education of other artists, influencing the development of modern art.

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Charles Kingsley

English priest and author of 'Westward Ho!'
Born
June 12th, 1819 205 years ago
Died
January 23rd, 1875 150 years ago — 55 years old

An English priest and author contributed significantly to Victorian literature. Writings included novels, poetry, and theological works. 'Westward Ho!', published in 1855, became popular for its adventurous narrative. Also involved in social reform and education, emphasizing the importance of moral values in society. Belonged to the Church of England and served as a canon to Westminster. Engaged with issues of the working class, advocating for charitable actions and better living conditions.

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Charles Lyell

Scottish geologist and author of 'Principles of Geology'
Born
November 14th, 1797 227 years ago
Died
February 22nd, 1875 150 years ago — 77 years old

A prominent Scottish geologist, Lyell's work established the foundation for modern geology through the extensive application of uniformitarian principles. His publication, 'Principles of Geology', significantly influenced scientific thought regarding geology and earth history. Lyell advocated for the concept of gradual geological change over vast periods, challenging contemporary theories of cataclysmic events. He also contributed to the understanding of sedimentation and the stratigraphy of geological formations. His research and writings promoted an acceptance of the fact that the earth's landscape was shaped by processes still observable today.

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Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot

French painter famous for landscape painting
Born
July 16th, 1796 228 years ago
Died
February 22nd, 1875 150 years ago — 78 years old

Active during the 19th century, contributed significantly to the development of landscape painting. Established a personal style marked by a focus on natural light and color, influencing the Impressionist movement. Exhibited works at the Salon and attracted attention for innovative techniques that departed from traditional approaches. In later life, created numerous paintings that showcased the beauty of rural scenery, particularly in France and Italy. Achieved recognition as a master of plein air painting, capturing the ephemeral qualities of nature.

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Tristan Corbière

French poet and educator primarily recognized for "Les Amours de M. le Prince"
Born
July 18th, 1845 179 years ago
Died
March 1st, 1875 150 years ago — 29 years old

An influential figure in French literature, made significant contributions as a poet. Active during the 19th century, produced works characterized by their innovative style and emotive depth. Engaged in education, promoting literary appreciation among students. Most recognized for the collection titled "Les Amours de M. le Prince," which showcased a poignant blend of surrealism and symbolism. His poetry explored themes of love, nature, and identity.

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