What Happened This Year 1879

Historical Events from This Year 1879

Economics & Industry

Frank Woolworth Opens First Five-and-Dime Store

February 22nd, 1879 146 years ago

In Utica, New York, Frank Woolworth opened the first of his five-and-dime stores, laying the foundation for a retail revolution. This store introduced the concept of affordable variety goods, where every item was priced at just five or ten cents. Woolworth's innovative approach attracted a broad customer base by offering quality products at low prices, appealing particularly to working-class families. The success of this store would lead to the expansion of the Woolworth chain across the United States, transforming retail shopping.

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Politics & Government

Shō Tai Abdicates, Marking Ryūkyū's End

March 11th, 1879 146 years ago

Shō Tai formally abdicates his throne under orders from Tokyo, consequently marking the end of the Ryūkyū Kingdom. This event represents the culmination of Japan's efforts to centralize control over its territories following the Meiji Restoration, dismantling the political independence the Ryūkyūs had previously enjoyed. Tokyo's directive is indicative of wider national trends during a period of significant transformation across Japan.

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Military & Warfare

First Clash: Battle of Topáter Unfolds

March 23rd, 1879 145 years ago

The Battle of Topáter marked the first military engagement in the War of the Pacific, pitting Chilean forces against the allied troops of Bolivia and Peru. Occurring near the town of Antofagasta, the conflict was sparked by territorial disputes over saltpeter mines, a valuable resource. The battle showcased the Chilean navy's superior artillery and tactical maneuvering, leading to a decisive victory over the Bolivian and Peruvian forces, which were less organized. This encounter set the stage for further hostilities in the war.

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Military & Warfare

British Forces Achieve Victory at Kambula

March 29th, 1879 145 years ago

The Battle of Kambula was a significant clash in which British forces successfully repelled an assault by a Zulu army estimated at 20,000 strong. Set within the larger context of the Anglo-Zulu War, the battle spilled over a strategic location on March 29, 1879. The British, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Evelyn Wood, fortified their position, demonstrating military strategy against overwhelming numbers. Zulu forces aimed to exploit previous British defeats, but were ultimately met with fierce resistance that turned the tide in favor of the British Empire.

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Military & Warfare

Bolivia and Chile Declare War Amid Tensions

April 5th, 1879 145 years ago

Bolivia officially declared war on Chile in April 1879, igniting the War of the Pacific amid escalating tensions over territorial disputes, particularly concerning the valuable coastal territory of the Atacama Desert. Shortly thereafter, Chile further escalated the conflict by declaring war on Peru, which had alliances with Bolivia. These declarations marked the beginning of a series of military engagements that would reshape the territorial boundaries in South America.

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Education & Academia

Fire Destroys Notre Dame's Second Main Building

April 23rd, 1879 145 years ago

A fire consumed the University of Notre Dame's second main building and dome, leading to the decision to construct a new Main Building featuring a golden dome. The incident occurred in South Bend, Indiana, and was attributed to an accidental blaze that rapidly spread. The destruction prompted immediate efforts to rebuild, ultimately resulting in the iconic structure that stands today.

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Economics & Industry

Arrival of Indian Indentured Laborers in Fiji

May 14th, 1879 145 years ago

A group of 463 Indian indentured laborers arrived in Fiji aboard the Leonidas to work on sugar plantations. This voyage marked the beginning of a significant migration phase that contributed to Fiji's demographic landscape. The laborers were primarily recruited from British India to meet labor shortages in the sugar industry, reflecting the colonial labor practices of the time.

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Military & Warfare

Battle of Iquique: Chilean and Peruvian Naval Clash

May 21st, 1879 145 years ago

Chilean ships engaged Peruvian vessels in Iquique, Peru, where naval forces clashed due to territorial disputes stemming from the War of the Pacific. Two Chilean warships sought to block the harbor, leading to an intense confrontation with two Peruvian ships. The battle was marked by strategic maneuvering and fierce artillery exchange. The conflict represented the escalating tensions between Chile and Peru over territorial control and resources in the region, specifically regarding the nitrate-rich areas in the Atacama Desert. The outcome had significant implications for naval power in the region.

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Politics & Government

Treaty of Gandamak Forms Afghan State

May 26th, 1879 145 years ago

The Treaty of Gandamak was signed between Russia and the United Kingdom, establishing the framework for an Afghan state. Negotiated in a context of geopolitical rivalry, this agreement was instrumental in defining the borders and political dynamics in the region. Key figures like British diplomat Sir Louis Cavagnari and Afghan ruler Sher Ali Khan were essential in the negotiations which aimed to solidify British influence in Central Asia and contain Russian expansion.

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