Innocent IV
Pope during the 13th century
Born
1195
830 years ago
Died
Category
Leaders & Politicians
Country
Italy
Links & References
Served as Pope from 1243 until death in 1254. Initiated the process of canonizing many saints, including St. Francis of Assisi. Convened the famous Second Council of Lyon in 1274, aimed at addressing issues within the Church and promoting unity, especially with Eastern Christianity. Engaged in significant diplomatic efforts, particularly with the Mongol Empire, aiming to establish peace and spread Christianity. Defined papal supremacy and authority through various papal bulls and edicts.
Initiated canonization of St. Francis of Assisi
Convened the Second Council of Lyon
Diplomatic efforts with the Mongol Empire
Other People Who Died on December 7th
Benjamin Zephaniah
English poet and playwright
Born
April 15th, 1958 67 years ago
Died
December 7th, 2023 2 years ago — 65 years old
Born in 1958, this individual gained recognition as a poet and playwright, intertwining themes of social justice and personal experience within the works. He published collections of poetry such as 'Talking Tombstones' and 'Too Black, Too Strong'. As an author, he wrote children's literature alongside novels, often focusing on issues of race, identity, and culture. He also made contributions to theater, with plays such as 'The Death of Freedom' being performed. Moreover, he performed in television and film, appearing in productions like 'Peaky Blinders.' His career also involved activism, influencing social change through literature and performance.
Continue ReadingJuan Luna
Filipino painter and sculptor of Spoliarium
Born
October 23rd, 1857 168 years ago
Died
December 7th, 1899 126 years ago — 42 years old
Born in 1857, this artist gained recognition for contributions to Philippine art during the 19th century. Primarily a painter and a sculptor, he was a prominent figure in the development of modern art in the Philippines. His most notable work, Spoliarium, won the first gold medal at the 1884 Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes in Madrid. This achievement helped elevate the status of Filipino artists on the international stage. His works showcased themes of nationalism and the struggles of the Filipino people during Spanish colonization. Apart from painting, he was also involved in the revolutionary movement against colonial rule, collaborating with fellow reformists to advocate for social change.
Continue ReadingRobert Graves
English poet, novelist, critic
Born
July 24th, 1895 130 years ago
Died
December 7th, 1985 40 years ago — 90 years old
Born in 1895, this English figure excelled in poetry, novels, and literary criticism. Graves gained prominence with works such as "I, Claudius," a historical novel that provides a fictional account of the Roman Emperor Claudius. Additionally, the poet was recognized for contributions to modernism and the war poetry genre, having experienced World War I firsthand. His literary legacy includes a focus on myth, history, and personal reflection, often intertwining personal experiences with broader themes. Graves also authored notable collections of poetry that received critical acclaim throughout his career.
Continue ReadingNicholas Murray Butler
Philosopher, Nobel Prize laureate
Born
April 2nd, 1862 163 years ago
Died
December 7th, 1947 78 years ago — 85 years old
An influential philosopher and academic, associated with Columbia University for many years. Served as president of the university and contributed significantly to its development. Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1931 for his writings, particularly focusing on his views regarding peace and the role of education in society. Engaged in various international educational and cultural initiatives.
Continue ReadingRoelof Kruisinga
Dutch physician, Minister of Defence
Born
August 27th, 1922 103 years ago
Died
December 7th, 2012 13 years ago — 90 years old
A physician and politician served as Minister of Defence in The Netherlands during the early 1970s. Contributed to various health and defense policies. Engaged in legislative activities that shaped national defense strategies. Held a notable position within the Cabinet, influencing military and health-related decisions.
Continue ReadingPeter Lely
Dutch-English painter of portraiture
Born
September 14th, 1618 407 years ago
Died
December 7th, 1680 345 years ago — 62 years old
Born in the Netherlands and later relocating to England, a career in painting flourished with a focus on portraiture during the 17th century. A prominent artist, created numerous portraits of notable figures in English society, particularly during the Restoration period. Served as the court painter to King Charles II, producing works that captured the likenesses of nobles and royalty. Established a reputation for both his technical skill and ability to convey personality through his subjects.
Continue Reading