Mary Whiton Calkins
Philosopher and psychologist, first female president of the APA
Philosopher and psychologist, first female president of the APA
1863
163 years ago
Thinkers & Philosophers
United States
Contributions to psychology included work on self-psychology and memory. Established a laboratory at Wellesley College, becoming the first woman president of the American Psychological Association in 1905. Calkins developed paired-association technique to explore memory processes. Published numerous papers and books on the relationship between psychology and philosophy.
First woman president of the American Psychological Association
Developed the paired-association technique
An ichthyologist conducted significant research on fish species in Albania. Specialized in freshwater fish, contributed to the understanding of local aquatic biodiversity. Collaborated with other scientists and played a role in advancing the field of ichthyology in Albania. Executed in 1951 alongside 21 others under political circumstances.
Continue ReadingDuring the American Revolutionary War, midnight ride in 1777 to rally American militia forces to fight against British troops. At age 16, successfully rode through New York’s countryside, covering about 40 miles to alert local militias of the British advancing toward Danbury, Connecticut. This event was comparable to the more famous ride of Paul Revere. The ride played a significant role in mobilizing American forces in the region during the conflict.
Continue ReadingAn economist and academic who established the foundations of the Austrian School of Economics. Developed the theory of marginal utility, which transformed economic analysis. Published 'Principles of Economics' in 1871, which laid out the principles of subjective value and utility. Contributed to the critique of socialism and was involved in debates with contemporary economists. Engaged in academic discourse and served as a professor, influencing future generations of economists.
Continue ReadingContributed significantly to the fields of psychiatry and philosophy, focusing on existentialism and the nature of human existence. Developed the concept of 'limit situations', which pertain to the existential crises individuals face. Worked extensively on the philosophy of psychology and the relationship between psychiatry and ethics. Authored several influential works including 'Philosophy of Existence' and 'Man in the Modern Age'.
Continue ReadingServed as the president of the University of Notre Dame from 1952 to 1987. Played a significant role in the growth of the university and its academic reputation. Involved in various national and international educational and social issues. Contributed to the civil rights movement in the United States and engaged in dialogue on peace and justice. Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2000.
Continue ReadingServing in the Finnish military, played a significant role during World War II and the subsequent Cold War era. Commanded the Jägers and was involved in various operations against the Soviet Union. From 1959 to 1970, served as the Chief of Defence of Finland, influencing military strategy and modernization. His leadership during a pivotal time contributed to Finland's military preparedness.
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