Mary Whiton Calkins
Philosopher and psychologist, first female president of the APA
Philosopher and psychologist, first female president of the APA
1863
162 years ago
Thinkers & Philosophers
United States
Contributions to psychology included work on self-psychology and memory. Established a laboratory at Wellesley College, becoming the first woman president of the American Psychological Association in 1905. Calkins developed paired-association technique to explore memory processes. Published numerous papers and books on the relationship between psychology and philosophy.
First woman president of the American Psychological Association
Developed the paired-association technique
Played as a point guard in the National Basketball Association primarily for the Chicago Bulls from 1969 to 1976. Achieved three All-Star selections during the early 1970s. Transitioned into coaching and sportscasting after retirement, sharing insights on basketball through various media platforms. Inducted into the Chicago Sports Hall of Fame recognizing contributions to the sport.
Continue ReadingAn American engineer developed the Gatling gun, one of the earliest successful machine guns. The Gatling gun was patented in 1862 and saw extensive use during the American Civil War. Its design utilized a rotating barrel and a hand-crank mechanism, allowing rapid fire compared to traditional firearms. Gatling's invention significantly influenced military technology and warfare strategies. Later, the design was modified and improved for increased efficiency and reliability in subsequent conflicts. Gatling's contributions to engineering extended beyond firearms as he patented over a dozen inventions during his career.
Continue ReadingAn economist and academic contributed significantly to the analysis of human capital. Emphasized the importance of education and training in improving economic productivity. Authored pivotal works that explored the relationship between education and economic growth. His research laid the foundation for the development of the human capital theory. Received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1979 for contributions to the understanding of how education affects economic performance.
Continue ReadingThis individual was a prominent American composer and conductor. He served as the director of the Eastman School of Music for several decades and significantly influenced American orchestral music during the 20th century. He composed several orchestral works, choral pieces, and operas. His Symphony No. 2, known as 'Romantic,' gained significant acclaim and is one of his most performed works. His efforts in music education shaped the careers of numerous musicians and composers.
Continue ReadingA computer scientist played a pivotal role in the development of the Macintosh computer. Initiated the project in the late 1970s to create a user-friendly interface that would make personal computing accessible to a wider audience. Contributed significantly to software design principles and interface usability, emphasizing the importance of graphical user interfaces and direct manipulation. Worked at Apple Inc. until the mid-1980s, where innovative ideas transformed the way individuals interacted with technology. Authored several important works on human-computer interaction and interface design.
Continue ReadingMarried to Maximilian II, served as Holy Roman Empress and engaged in diplomatic efforts, significantly influencing the Habsburg dynasty. Facilitated marriage alliances across Europe to strengthen ties and maintain peace among powerful states. Demonstrated commitment to the Catholic faith, contributing to various religious causes during a period of significant conflict. Managed imperial affairs while her husband focused on governance, showcasing strong administrative abilities and fostering alliances with other noble families.
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