Paul Éluard
French poet and Surrealist movement figure
Born in 1895, this poet became one of the founders of the Surrealist movement in literature. His works often explored themes of love and freedom, and he was a significant presence in the literary scene during the early to mid-20th century. Many of his poems reflect personal experiences, particularly during and after World War I. Éluard published numerous collections, with some of the most notable including 'Capitale de la douleur' and 'Les Uns et les Autres.' His writings not only contributed to the Surrealist literary landscape but also influenced subsequent generations of poets and writers in France and beyond.
Published 'Capitale de la douleur' in 1926
Contributed to the Surrealist movement
Authored 'Les Uns et les Autres'
Other People Born on December 14th
Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
Swimmer and water polo player
Born
December 14th, 1911 114 years ago
Died
January 4th, 1943 83 years ago — 31 years old
Greek-Polish athlete specialized in swimming and water polo. Competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics representing Poland in swimming events. Played for the Polish national water polo team, contributing to its development during the late 1930s. Engaged in training future athletes and promoted aquatic sports in Poland. His career was cut short due to the circumstances of World War II, resulting in his passing in 1943.
Continue ReadingBarthélemy d'Herbelot
French orientalist and academic work
Born
December 14th, 1625 400 years ago
Died
December 8th, 1695 330 years ago — 69 years old
Birth occurred in 1625. An orientalist and academic, significant contributions were made to the study of Eastern cultures. Edited and compiled 'Bibliothèque Orientale', an extensive work on the literature and history of the Orient, which became an important reference in the field. D'Herbelot's research encompassed various aspects of Turkish, Arabic, and Persian literature.
Continue ReadingPaul of Greece
King of Greece, reigned during WWII
Born
December 14th, 1901 124 years ago
Died
March 6th, 1964 61 years ago — 62 years old
Reigned as King of the Hellenes from 1947 until death in 1964. Focused on rebuilding Greece after World War II and managing the country's transition to a constitutional monarchy. Advocated for modernization and development within the Greek state. His reign faced significant challenges, including political instability and economic struggles in the post-war period. Worked to strengthen Greece's ties within Europe and with the United States during the Cold War. Assisted in efforts to restore peace and cohesion within the nation during tumultuous times.
Continue ReadingTycho Brahe
Danish astronomer and chemist
Born
December 14th, 1546 479 years ago
Died
October 24th, 1601 424 years ago — 54 years old
A Danish astronomer and chemist, contributed significantly to the scientific community during the late Renaissance. Established an observatory on the island of Hven, where precise astronomical observations were conducted. Developed a hybrid model of the solar system, which was a synthesis between the heliocentric and geocentric models. His meticulous data collection provided a foundation for future astronomers, including Johannes Kepler, who later used this data to formulate his laws of planetary motion.
Continue ReadingRon Jarden
Rugby player, All Blacks representative
Born
December 14th, 1929 96 years ago
Died
1977 49 years ago — 48 years old
Played rugby union as a wing for New Zealand's national team, the All Blacks, during the 1950s. Established a reputation as a skilled player in domestic rugby competitions. Contributed significantly to the sport in New Zealand, participating in several international matches and earning selection for prestigious tours. Retired from professional play, leaving a legacy within rugby circles in the nation.
Continue ReadingCynthia Gibb
American actress and model known for 'Fame'
Born
December 14th, 1963 62 years ago
Born in 1963, this individual began a career in the entertainment industry as a model before transitioning to acting. Gained prominence through a notable role in the television series 'Fame', which highlighted the lives of students at a performing arts school. Also appeared in the film 'Short Circuit 2', which contributed to recognition in the late 1980s. Throughout the years, took part in various television movies and series, showcasing versatility in performance.
Continue ReadingOther People Who Died on November 18th
Tabassum
Indian actress and talk show host
Born
July 9th, 1944 81 years ago
Died
November 18th, 2022 3 years ago — 78 years old
An actress and talk show host from India, this individual began her career as a child artist in the film 'Baiju Bawra' in 1952. Extended career included acting in various films and television shows throughout the decades. The hosting of the popular talk show 'Phool Khile Hain Gulshan Gulshan' in the 1990s gained significant popularity. Contribution to the film industry encompasses work across multiple genres.
Continue ReadingLouis Philippe I
Duke of Orléans and French King
Born
May 12th, 1725 300 years ago
Died
November 18th, 1785 240 years ago — 60 years old
Born in 1725, Louis Philippe I became Duke of Orléans and later King of the French from 1830 to 1848. He was a member of the House of Orléans, a cadet branch of the Bourbon family. His reign followed the July Revolution, which resulted in the overthrow of Charles X. During his time as king, efforts were made to modernize France's economy and infrastructure. He abdicated during the February Revolution in 1848, leading to the end of the July Monarchy.
Continue ReadingTed Heath
Trombonist and bandleader, 'Ted Heath Band'
Born
March 30th, 1902 123 years ago
Died
November 18th, 1969 56 years ago — 67 years old
A prominent English trombonist and composer, contributed significantly to the jazz and big band scenes in the United Kingdom. Founded the Ted Heath Orchestra, which became one of the most popular big bands in the country during the 1950s. The orchestra showcased numerous arrangements and performed extensively, featuring a range of musical talent. Composed many pieces that were integral to the big band repertoire, gaining recognition for innovative arrangements. Participated in various musical performances and recordings that highlighted the trombone.
Continue ReadingChester A. Arthur
21st President of the United States
Born
October 5th, 1829 196 years ago
Died
November 18th, 1886 139 years ago — 57 years old
Served as the 21st President of the United States from 1881 to 1885. Became president following the assassination of James A. Garfield. Prior to the presidency, held the position of Collector of the Port of New York. Advocated for civil service reform and the Pendleton Act, which established a merit-based system for federal employment. Implemented modernization of the U.S. Navy and supported legislation to improve infrastructure in the country.
Continue ReadingNiels Bohr
Physicist and Nobel Prize laureate
Born
October 7th, 1885 140 years ago
Died
November 18th, 1962 63 years ago — 77 years old
Born in 1885, a prominent physicist and philosopher contributed significantly to the understanding of atomic structure and quantum theory. Developed the Bohr model of the atom, which introduced the idea of quantized energy levels. Played a key role in the establishment of quantum mechanics and made important contributions during the early development of nuclear physics. Received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 for investigations of the structure of atoms and the radiation emanating from them.
Continue ReadingKurt Schuschnigg
Austrian politician and chancellor
Born
December 14th, 1897 128 years ago
Died
November 18th, 1977 48 years ago — 79 years old
A lawyer and politician served as the 15th Federal Chancellor of Austria from 1934 to 1938. Focused on maintaining Austria's independence during rising tensions in Europe. Implemented policies aimed at consolidating power and opposing the influence of National Socialism. Resigned in March 1938 under pressure from Nazi Germany, leading to the annexation of Austria. Later detained by the Nazis and spent years in concentration camps.
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