Zviad Gamsakhurdia
Georgian politician, 1st President of Georgia
Gamsakhurdia served as the first president of Georgia following its independence from the Soviet Union. An anthropologist by training, contributions included advocating for the preservation of Georgian culture and identity. Elected president in 1991, his tenure faced numerous challenges, including political turmoil and civil unrest. In 1992, Gamsakhurdia was deposed in a coup and spent time in exile before returning to Georgia. His leadership style sparked controversy and divided the public, ultimately leading to a significant political crisis in the country. Gamsakhurdia's political legacy encompasses his efforts to establish a democratic government and promote national sovereignty for Georgia.
Served as the first President of Georgia
Advocated for Georgian cultural preservation
Faced political turmoil during tenure
Other People Born on March 31st
Philippa of Lancaster
Portuguese queen, wife of Afonso V
Born
March 31st, 1360 665 years ago
Died
July 19th, 1415 610 years ago — 55 years old
A Portuguese queen, played a significant role in the early 15th century as the spouse of King Afonso V of Portugal. Marrying Afonso V in 1420, contributed to strengthening the alliance between England and Portugal during the Hundred Years' War. Her marriage symbolized the bond between the two nations, reflecting political strategies of the time. Managed royal affairs during her husband's military campaigns, especially when he focused on overseas exploration and territorial expansion. Died in 1415, leaving a legacy intertwined with the political dynamics of the Iberian Peninsula and beyond.
Continue ReadingEliyahu M. Goldratt
Physicist and economist; authored The Goal
Born
March 31st, 1947 78 years ago
Died
June 11th, 2011 14 years ago — 64 years old
An Israeli physicist and economist, focused on management theory and production efficiency. Developed the Theory of Constraints, a management philosophy that emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing limiting factors in a process. Authored the influential book 'The Goal,' which is a business novel that illustrates these principles in a factory setting. Founded the Avraham Goldratt Institute, which provides education and consulting on operational efficiency. Contributed to the fields of supply chain management and project management through various publications and educational initiatives.
Continue ReadingGordie Howe
Ice hockey player, the 'Mr. Hockey'
Born
March 31st, 1928 97 years ago
Died
June 10th, 2016 9 years ago — 88 years old
Born in 1928, this Canadian ice hockey player enjoyed a prolific career in the National Hockey League (NHL) primarily with the Detroit Red Wings. Spanning over 32 seasons, he became a symbol of excellence in the sport, amassing numerous records and accolades. Renowned for his exceptional skill and toughness on the ice, he played in 1,767 regular-season games, scoring 801 goals and providing 1,049 assists. The player also represented Canada in international competitions, contributing to successes in various tournaments. His contributions to the game earned the nickname 'Mr. Hockey', solidifying his legacy as one of the greatest players in the history of ice hockey.
Continue ReadingEdward FitzGerald
Poet and translator of Persian poetry
Born
March 31st, 1809 216 years ago
Died
June 14th, 1883 142 years ago — 74 years old
Born in England in 1809, a notable poet and translator, contributed significantly to English literature through the translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. This work brought Persian poetry to the English-speaking world, showcasing the art and beauty of its verses. FitzGerald's translation, published in 1859, combined lyrical quality with fidelity to the original text, becoming a staple of literary culture. The published work underwent several revisions, further refining the translation and enhancing its popularity. His translation influenced both the perception of Persian literature and inspired various artistic expressions in subsequent years.
Continue ReadingÉtienne Bézout
French mathematician and theorist
Born
March 31st, 1730 295 years ago
Died
September 27th, 1783 242 years ago — 53 years old
Contributions to mathematics primarily involved polynomial equations and their solutions. Developed Bézout's theorem, which relates to the intersection points of algebraic curves. Published works that advanced mathematical theories and methods. Led academic discussions and established a reputation as an authority in the field of mathematics during the 18th century.
Continue ReadingMaren Lutz
Canoeist medalist in international competitions
Born
March 31st, 1999 26 years ago
Competed in canoe sprint events and achieved recognition in international competitions. Participated in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, representing Germany. Demonstrated exceptional skill and athleticism in the canoeing discipline, contributing to notable finishes in various championships.
Continue ReadingOther People Who Died on December 31st
Eileen Heckart
American actress in stage and film
Born
March 29th, 1919 106 years ago
Died
December 31st, 2001 23 years ago — 82 years old
An actress with a career spanning over six decades in film, television, and theater. Gained prominence for roles in the Broadway production of 'The Dark at the Top of the Stairs' and the film 'Butterflies Are Free'. Won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in 'Butterflies Are Free'. Appeared in multiple television series, including 'The Twilight Zone' and 'The Love Boat'.
Continue ReadingVasily Lazarev
Russian astronaut and physician
Born
February 23rd, 1928 97 years ago
Died
December 31st, 1990 34 years ago — 62 years old
Served as a colonel in the Soviet Air Force and contributed to the Soviet space program as a physician and cosmonaut. Participated in the Soyuz 14 mission in 1974, which involved a successful docking with the Salyut 7 space station. Conducted scientific research during the mission that contributed to the understanding of long-duration spaceflight effects on the human body.
Continue ReadingDudley North
Economist and politician in England
Born
May 16th, 1641 384 years ago
Died
December 31st, 1691 333 years ago — 50 years old
Born in 1641, this individual contributed to economic thought and practice during the late 17th century. Associated with the mercantilist school of economics, he argued against government regulation of the economy. He served in Parliament and held various positions, including the post of Commissioner of Customs. His significant work, 'Discourses upon Trade', addressed trade policies, economic theory, and the effects of taxation, showcasing his understanding of commerce and economics during a time of change in England.
Continue ReadingJanusz Radziwiłł
Polish-Lithuanian politician and voivode
Born
1612 413 years ago
Died
December 31st, 1655 369 years ago — 43 years old
A prominent figure in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, served as the voivode of Vilnius. Held significant political influence during the mid-17th century. Participated actively in the political landscape, often engaging in diplomacy and governance. Contributed to the administrative affairs of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, shaping its policies and relationships within the Commonwealth. His actions reflected the complexities of the era’s political dynamics.
Continue ReadingValerian Wellesley
British Duke, politician, and soldier
Born
July 2nd, 1915 110 years ago
Died
December 31st, 2014 10 years ago — 99 years old
Served as the 8th Duke of Wellington, holding a prominent role in the House of Lords. Participated in military service during World War II, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Engaged in politics, advocating for various causes and contributing to legislative discussions. Inherited the title of Duke in 1943, representing a historic lineage linked to the Battle of Waterloo. Maintained a lifelong connection to the family estate at Stratfield Saye, preserving the legacy of the Wellington family.
Continue ReadingFloyd Cramer
American pianist known for country music
Born
October 27th, 1933 92 years ago
Died
December 31st, 1997 27 years ago — 64 years old
A prominent American pianist, contributions spanned multiple genres, with a specific influence in country music. Significant work in developing the Nashville sound during the 1960s, blending traditional country with pop elements. A session musician, played on numerous hits and worked with many artists in the country music scene. Released several solo albums and achieved success on the Billboard charts. Inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame for contributions to the genre.
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