Historical Events from This Year 1277
Condemnation of Philosophical Theses by Paris
The University of Paris issued a significant condemnation of various philosophical and theological theses, marking a pivotal moment in the discourse between faith and reason. This condemnation was primarily aimed at the works of philosophers such as Aristotle and Avicenna and their followers, whose ideas were perceived as conflicting with Catholic doctrine. The decree was a response to growing concerns within the Church about certain philosophical concepts that seemed to undermine religious teachings. This event shaped the intellectual landscape of medieval Europe.
Continue ReadingVenetian Treaty with Byzantines Signed
The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 established a two-year truce and renewed Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire, fostering trade and diplomatic relations between these two powers. The agreement aimed to stabilize the region during a period marked by political turmoil, allowing Venice to maintain its economic interests within Byzantine territories, which were crucial for commerce in the eastern Mediterranean. This treaty reflects the complexities of medieval diplomacy and the importance of economic alliances.
Continue ReadingTreaty of Aberconwy Ends Welsh Resistance
The Treaty of Aberconwy was a settlement imposed upon Llywelyn ap Gruffudd by King Edward I of England, which marked a significant turning point in the conflict known as the Welsh Wars. This treaty brought a temporary end to hostilities between the Welsh and the English crown, resulting in the division of Wales into distinct territories under English control. Llywelyn, once a powerful figure representing Welsh independence, faced considerable pressure due to military defeats and the overwhelming force of Edward's armies. The treaty forced him to accept terms that limited his sovereignty and territorial claims, ultimately changing the political landscape of Wales.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1277
Galeazzo I Visconti
Ruled as Lord of Milan, overseeing significant expansion and consolidation of power within the region. Governed with a focus on strengthening the Visconti dynasty and managing the complex political landscape of northern Italy. Engaged in various military campaigns to secure and enhance territory, notably against rival city-states. Created alliances through strategic marriages and political maneuvers, solidifying the influence of the Visconti family.
Continue ReadingMichael IX Palaiologos
Born on April 17, 1277, served as the Byzantine emperor alongside his father, Andronikos II. His reign occurred during a turbulent period in Byzantine history marked by military conflicts and economic challenges. Leadership included efforts to stabilize the empire against external threats, particularly the Ottomans. Held the title of co-emperor from 1294 until his death in 1320, participating in significant military campaigns and diplomatic efforts. Strived to maintain the ideals of the Byzantine tradition amid encroaching pressures from neighboring powers and internal strife.
Continue ReadingIsabella of Mar
Isabella of Mar served as the first wife of Robert Bruce VII, contributing to the historical lineage of Scottish nobility. Her marriage to Bruce aligned her with significant political dynamics during the Wars of Scottish Independence. Following her death in 1296, her legacy continued through her children, who played important roles in the ongoing conflicts between Scotland and England. The marital alliance represented strategic ties essential for consolidating power and influence within Scotland at the time.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1277
Stefan Uroš I of Serbia
Ruled as King of Serbia from 1243 until 1277, facilitating significant territorial expansion. Oversaw the strengthening of the Serbian state and the establishment of feudal systems. Fostered relations with other kingdoms in the region, particularly with the Byzantine Empire. Known for his efforts to promote economic stability and enhance the church's influence within Serbian society. Introduced administrative reforms that laid groundwork for Serbia's future governance.
Continue ReadingPope John XXI
Served as Pope from 1276 until death in 1277. Prior to papacy, held the title of Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia. Contributed to the development of scholasticism and philosophy. Authored the medical treatise 'De medicina', which combined classical and contemporary medical knowledge. Worked to reform the Church and improve the administration of papal authority.
Continue ReadingBaibars
Born in 1223, Baibars became a prominent ruler in Egypt and one of the key figures of the Mamluk Sultanate. He rose to power following a successful military career, specifically recognized for his role in the battles against the Crusaders and the Mongols. Under his leadership, the Mamluks defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, a critical turning point in Middle Eastern history. Baibars focused on rebuilding Egypt's economy and infrastructure while enhancing the military capabilities. His reign marked a consolidation of power and territory for the Mamluks, establishing Egypt as a dominant force in the region.
Continue ReadingMu'in al-Din Sulaiman Pervane
Served as Chancellor and Regent of the Sultanate of Rum during the 13th century. Played a significant role in the administration of the state, guiding the Sultanate through periods of political and military challenges. Oversaw various aspects of governance and diplomacy, contributing to the stability of the region. Engaged with different cultures and powers of the time, enhancing the Sultanate's prestige.
Continue ReadingBeatrice of Falkenburg
Born around 1254, Beatrice of Falkenburg became Queen Consort of the Holy Roman Empire through marriage to Henry VII. The marriage reinforced political alliances within the empire during the late 13th century. Beatrice faced challenges during her husband's reign, which included struggles with rival factions and territorial conflicts. After the death of Henry VII in 1313, Beatrice's role diminished as political dynamics shifted.
Continue ReadingWalter de Merton
Served as Lord Chancellor of England during the 13th century. Instrumental in the establishment of Merton College, Oxford, the first college in the university. His work in education contributed to the development of the collegiate system in England. Merton's involvement in legal reforms impacted the administration of justice during his tenure.
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