Historical Events from This Year 1381
Outbreak of the Peasants' Revolt in England
The Peasants' Revolt began as a protest against oppressive taxation and feudal laws in England. A large group of discontented peasants, influenced by John Ball's radical ideas, marched towards London. They aimed to seek relief from high taxes imposed after the Hundred Years' War, particularly the poll tax. This revolt, led by Wat Tyler, became significant in challenging the established social order and advancing the cause of peasant rights, setting the stage for future social movements.
Continue ReadingRebels Gather at Blackheath, Outside London
In June of 1381, a significant gathering of peasants occurred at Blackheath, just outside London. This assembly was part of the Peasants' Revolt, sparked by grievances against taxation and social inequality. Thousands of rebels, led by figures like Wat Tyler, demanded reforms from the ruling elite, particularly from King Richard II. The event was marked by a show of unity among commoners, reflecting widespread discontent with the prevailing social order. The location became a focal point for their initial mobilization.
Continue ReadingPeasants' Revolt and the Burning of Savoy Palace
Rebels led by Wat Tyler set fire to the Savoy Palace, a seat of the Duchy of Lancaster, in London. This aggressive act symbolized the escalating tensions between the peasantry and the ruling class during the Peasants' Revolt. The unrest arose due to grievances over high taxes and poor living conditions, compounded by the socio-economic aftermath of the Black Death. Tyler's demand for reforms highlighted the peasants' desire for greater rights and justice.
Continue ReadingRichard II Meets Peasant Leaders at Mile End
Richard II met with leaders of the Peasants' Revolt at Mile End. This encounter was marked by an attempt to soothe rising tensions between the monarchy and the peasantry. Meanwhile, the Tower of London was stormed by angry rebels, who entered without facing any resistance. The meeting at Mile End offered the peasants the hope of reforms and concessions they sought.
Continue ReadingJohn Ball Executed in Presence of King Richard II
John Ball, a prominent figure in the Peasants' Revolt, met his end through execution by hanging, drawing, and quartering before King Richard II. His execution followed the revolts in England, where he had called for social reforms and the end of serfdom. Ball, known for his radical sermons advocating for peasant rights, was captured amidst the revolt's suppression. His bold ideas resonated with the discontented peasants, but ultimately led to his brutal punishment as a warning to others.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1381
Colette of Corbie
Born in 1381, served as an abbess and played a significant role in the reform of the Poor Clares. Founded several monasteries throughout Europe, emphasizing a return to strict observance of the Rule of Saint Clare. Renowned for piety and mystical experiences, recognized for divine visions that guided her reforms. Canonized as a saint in 1807 for her contributions to religious life.
Continue ReadingLawrence Giustiniani
Served as the Bishop of Castello in Venice during the early 15th century. Played a significant role in the spiritual life of the region, emphasizing pastoral care and devotion. Established several religious institutions and was renowned for his pious lifestyle. Canonized as a saint, recognition was given to his dedication to the church and the community. Various miracles were attributed to him after his death, which contributed to his legacy.
Continue ReadingRita of Cascia
A nun in the Augustinian order, dedicated life to prayer and service. Entered a convent after a troubled marriage that included familial strife. Renowned for exhibiting profound piety and for experiencing miracles, including healings. Her legacy includes becoming the patron saint of impossible causes, drawing many to seek her intercession. Canonized by Pope Leo XIII in 1900, she is venerated in the Catholic Church, particularly in Italy.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1381
Catherine of Vadstena
Catherine of Vadstena was a prominent figure in the 14th century known for establishing the Bridgettine order of nuns in Sweden. She devoted life to religious service, influenced by her experiences and visions. Her major writings included spiritual texts that guided her followers and shaped the order's practices. The order emphasized a strict monastic lifestyle blended with community service. Many believed she possessed prophetic abilities, which further solidified her status within the church. After her death, she was canonized, and her feast day is celebrated annually.
Continue ReadingSimon Sudbury
Served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1375 until death in 1381. Played a central role in the Peasants' Revolt by advocating for peace and attempting to negotiate with the rebels. Was appointed Chancellor of England and engaged in various ecclesiastical and political matters, including the governance of the church and state. Died violently during the Peasants' Revolt, becoming a martyr in the eyes of some followers.
Continue ReadingJohn Cavendish
Served as a prominent judge during the 14th century, specializing in legal matters of the time. Held the position of Chief Justice of the King's Bench, overseeing critical legal proceedings. Contributions to the development of common law and judicial practices were significant. His legal rulings influenced the judicial landscape of England during a tumultuous period.
Continue ReadingWat Tyler
A key figure in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, this individual led a popular uprising against the socio-economic and political injustices faced by the peasantry in England. The revolt was sparked by discontent over heavy taxation and the aftermath of the Black Death. Commanding a force of discontented peasants, this rebel leader played a central role in negotiations with the government. The revolt initially enjoyed success, resulting in the capture of London and a promise of reforms. However, the uprising was ultimately suppressed, and the leader was killed during negotiations with King Richard II's forces.
Continue ReadingJohn Ball
A Lollard priest during the late 14th century, this individual advocated for religious reforms and was associated with the early movements for church reform in England. Active during a time of social unrest, he became a significant figure in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. His sermons promoted ideas that challenged the established church and aristocracy. After his capture, he was executed, symbolizing the struggles for social and religious change during this tumultuous period.
Continue ReadingJohn of Ruusbroec
Served as a priest and mystic in the 14th century, a significant figure in the development of mystical theology in the Low Countries. Established a religious community in Groenendaal, focusing on contemplative prayer and spiritual writings. Composed several influential works including 'The Sparkling Stone' and 'The Twelve Beguines,' which explored themes of union with God and the nature of divine love. His teachings emphasized internal spirituality and sought to guide individuals toward a deeper relationship with the divine.
Continue Reading