Historical Events from This Year 1484
Incorporation of the College of Arms
The College of Arms, a heraldic authority in England, was formally incorporated by a Royal Charter signed by King Richard III. This significant event solidified the College's role in overseeing heraldry and genealogy, outlining its functions and establishing it as a key institution in behalf of the monarchy. Richard III's support was pivotal in ensuring the preservation and regulation of heraldic practices during a time of considerable political turbulence.
Continue ReadingWilliam Caxton Publishes Aesop's Fables
William Caxton published his translation of Aesop's Fables in 1484, making a significant contribution to English literature. This landmark work showcased the moral lessons of Aesop's original fables through accessible English prose. Caxton, an influential figure in the printing revolution, aimed to reach a wider audience, reflecting the growing literacy in England. His edition included tales of animals with human traits, each imparting a moral lesson. Locally printed in Westminster, this publication helped to establish Caxton's printing press as a center for literary works in England, marking a pivotal moment for fable literature in English.
Continue ReadingDiogo Cão Discovers Mouth of Congo River
In 1484, Portuguese sea captain Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo River during his exploratory expeditions along the west coast of Africa. This significant discovery provided essential geographical knowledge for European navigation and trade, as it opened new routes to the interior of Africa. Cão's journey, part of Portugal's efforts to expand its maritime exploration, showcased the age of discovery and the desire for new resources and trade routes.
Continue ReadingDefeat of Albany's Raiding Party at Lochmaben
A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas, was decisively defeated by Scottish forces loyal to James III of Scotland. The encounter took place at Lochmaben, where forces loyal to the king outmaneuvered the raiders, leading to a capture of Douglas. This conflict showcased the internal struggles within Scotland as members of the nobility vied for power and influence.
Continue ReadingPope Innocent VIII ascends papal throne
Pope Innocent VIII, born Giovanni Battista Cibo, was elected as the new pope after the death of Pope Sixtus IV. The conclave gathered at the Vatican on August 29, 1484, amidst political and religious turmoil. Rival factions influenced the election, highlighting the ongoing power struggles within the church and European politics. Innocent VIII's papacy began against a backdrop of challenges including the spread of heresy and political machinations in Italy.
Continue ReadingPapal Bull Summis desiderantes affectibus Issued
Pope Innocent VIII issued the papal bull Summis desiderantes affectibus, appointing Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger as inquisitors in Germany. This document authorized them to pursue and combat witchcraft, which was considered a significant threat to the church and society. The bull underscored the growing concerns about heresy during this period. It not only marked a pivotal moment in the history of witch hunts but also established a formal mechanism for the church to intervene in secular matters related to alleged witchcraft.
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