Historical Events from This Year 1535 (View all 7)
Anti-Protestant Procession Led by King Francis I
In response to the rise of Protestantism and the recent Affair of the Placards, King Francis I of France led a grand anti-Protestant procession through the streets of Paris. This public display aimed to reaffirm the Catholic faith and showcase the royal opposition to the Protestant Reformation. The procession included clergy, nobles, and a vast number of citizens, all unified in their allegiance to the Catholic Church. The display served to juxtapose the growing Protestant dissent and reflect the king's determination to reassert Catholic orthodoxy in France.
Continue ReadingFray Tomás de Berlanga Discovers Galápagos Islands
On a journey to Peru, Fray Tomás de Berlanga inadvertently stumbled upon the Galápagos Islands. As the fourth Bishop of Panama, he was sailing from Panama when winds took his ship off course. The uninhabited islands made a significant impression with their unique wildlife and volcanic landscapes. Berlanga noted the remarkable variety of wildlife and sought to document his findings, marking an important moment in the exploration of the Pacific.
Continue ReadingJacques Cartier's Second Voyage to North America
Jacques Cartier embarked on his second voyage to North America, commanding three ships and a crew of 110 men. Notably, he included the two sons of Chief Donnacona, whom he had captured during his previous expedition. The mission aimed to explore the St. Lawrence River and establish further contacts with the indigenous peoples. Cartier's previous interactions had given him insights into local geography and resource potential, making this voyage key for consolidation of French claims in Canada.
Continue ReadingCharles V's Forces Drive Ottomans from Tunis
Combined forces loyal to Charles V launched an attack on Tunis, successfully expelling the Ottoman garrison from the city. This military campaign, prompted by both territorial ambitions and the desire to curtail Ottoman influence in North Africa, featured a coalition of Spanish, Italian, and Maltese troops. The siege culminated in a decisive victory, securing control of Tunis for the Habsburgs and altering the balance of power in the Mediterranean region.
Continue ReadingMünster Anabaptist State Conquered and Dissolved
The Anabaptist state of Münster was a radical religious community formed by Anabaptists after they seized control of the city in 1534. Their regime, characterized by strict communal living and theocratic governance under leaders like John of Leiden, attracted significant attention and opposition. On this day, a coalition of Lutheran and Catholic forces launched a siege against Münster, ultimately leading to the fall of the Anabaptist stronghold. The city was heavily fortified, but it could not withstand the sustained military pressure, resulting in its recapture and the end of radical Anabaptist rule in the region.
Continue ReadingPope Paul III Excommunicates Henry VIII
Pope Paul III issued a papal bull excommunicating King Henry VIII, citing his break from the Roman Catholic Church. The decree, officially known as 'Eius qui immobilis,' condemned Henry for his actions following his marriage annulment and establishment of the Church of England. This dramatic ecclesiastical maneuver aimed to assert papal authority over England amid rising tensions between the monarchy and the Catholic Church. The excommunication further solidified the rift between England and the Vatican.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1535 (View all 21)
Pope Gregory XIV
Elected as Pope in 1590, played a significant role during the Counter-Reformation. Promoted Catholic doctrine and sought to address challenges from Protestantism. Established various reforms within the Church and endorsed the efforts of missionaries. Extended papal influence in matters of Catholic education and moral standards. Died in 1591 after a brief papacy.
Continue ReadingCornelius Gemma
Born in 1535, this astronomer contributed significantly to the study of celestial bodies and astrological phenomena. Gemma published several works, including 'De Originibus Astronomiae', which addressed theories of the cosmos and influenced contemporary astronomical thought. The individual studied the positions and motions of celestial objects, providing insights that were pivotal in the development of both astronomy and astrology in the 16th century. His collaboration with other scholars advanced the field during a time of significant transition in scientific understanding.
Continue ReadingAlessandro Allori
Born in Florence, a prominent painter during the Italian Renaissance, specialized in Mannerist style. Received training under prominent artists like Giorgio Vasari. Created highly detailed works that featured complex compositions and characterizations. Gained recognition for portraits that captured the essence of the subjects. Contributed to the decoration of various churches and palaces in Florence.
Continue ReadingPope Leo XI
Elected as Pope in 1605, led the Catholic Church for a brief period of only 27 days. His papacy was marked by efforts to address the issues facing the church during a time of religious conflict. Prior to elevation to the papacy, held various positions within the church, including Cardinal. His election was part of the ongoing struggle between different factions within the church and reflected the political dynamics of the time.
Continue ReadingLeonhard Rauwolf
A German physician and botanist, contributions focused on the study of medicinal plants and their uses in medicine. Travelled extensively in the Middle East and documented flora and fauna encountered during journeys. Notable work includes 'Beschreibung der Provintz Aleppo,' which provided insights into the botany and culture of the region. This work became an important reference for later botanists and physicians.
Continue ReadingGarcía Hurtado de Mendoza
Born in 1535, served as the Royal Governor of Chile from 1557 to 1561. Oversaw the consolidation of Spanish power in the region and the establishment of various settlements. Led military campaigns against indigenous Mapuche populations, particularly noted for the Battle of Valdivia. Instrumental in the development of agriculture and trade in colonial Chile.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1535 (View all 10)
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa
A prominent figure in the Renaissance, this magician and theologian produced influential works in the fields of occult philosophy, magic, and theology. Major writings include 'De Occulta Philosophia,' a comprehensive treatise on magic and the occult, and 'Three Books of Occult Philosophy,' which laid the foundation for future generations of practitioners and scholars in these areas. Additionally, involvement in the courts of several European nobility allowed for the dissemination of ideas regarding mysticism and the natural sciences.
Continue ReadingGeorg Tannstetter
Austrian mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer contributed significantly to the fields of mathematics and geography during the Renaissance. Tannstetter played a role in the development of cartographic techniques, improving the accuracy of maps. His work in mathematics included advancing the understanding of trigonometry. Tannstetter also served as a professor at the University of Vienna, where he influenced the education of future scholars. His contributions to the scientific community laid the groundwork for further advancements.
Continue ReadingJohn Houghton
A Carthusian monk, prominent for leadership in the Carthusian Order, played a significant role in promoting monastic life. He operated within a strict religious framework and dedicated life to contemplative prayer and the ascetic lifestyle of the Carthusians. He faced martyrdom during the reign of King Henry VIII over the rejection of royal supremacy over the Church. His commitment to monastic ideals and integrity under pressure eventually led to canonization as a saint in Catholic tradition.
Continue ReadingThomas More
An English lawyer and politician, served as Lord Chancellor of England from 1529 until 1532. Played a crucial role in the court of Henry VIII, known for his steadfast opposition to the King's separation from the Catholic Church. Authored 'Utopia', a significant work focusing on political philosophy and the idea of an ideal society. His refusal to endorse the King's marriage to Anne Boleyn and the subsequent Act of Supremacy led to his imprisonment and execution in 1535.
Continue ReadingJoachim I Nestor
Born in 1484, Joachim I Nestor served as the Elector of Brandenburg from 1499 until his death in 1535. He presided over considerable territorial expansion and consolidation of power within the region. His reign marked the elevation of Brandenburg into a significant political entity within the Holy Roman Empire. Joachim’s governance saw an emphasis on the support for the arts and culture, alongside religious reform movements sweeping through Europe during the Reformation. His legacy included the promotion of Protestantism, which laid grounds for major changes in the socio-political landscape of Northern Germany.
Continue ReadingIppolito de' Medici
Served as a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church during the early 16th century. Played a significant role within the church and was a prominent member of the powerful Medici family. Held the title of Cardinal and was appointed Bishop of Placentia. Contributed to the patronage of the arts, aligning with the Medici family's longstanding influence on Renaissance culture. Engaged in various political and religious efforts of the time, reflecting the intersection of faith and power in Italy.
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