Born in 1591
William Cecil
Served as a significant statesman during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. Held the title of 2nd Earl of Salisbury and acted as the principal secretary to the queen. Played a crucial role in the administration, particularly in matters regarding foreign affairs and domestic policy. Promoted stability in England during a period of political complexity. Maintained close relationships with influential political figures and demonstrated strategic acumen in governance.
Continue ReadingRobert Devereux
Served as the 3rd Earl of Essex and was a prominent figure in 17th century England. Participated in military campaigns during the Nine Years' War. Held the position of Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire. Engaged in political affairs and was involved in the governance of military forces under the English crown.
Continue ReadingJusepe de Ribera
Born in 1591, a prominent painter of the Baroque period, specializing in dramatic realism and intense emotionality in his works. Relocated to Italy, where the majority of career was spent, influenced by both Caravaggio and the Spanish tradition. Created notable works including religious paintings and portraits. Worked extensively with chiaroscuro techniques, highlighted human figures and emotional depth. Served as the leading figure in the Neapolitan School of painting, shaping its direction and focus on naturalism.
Continue ReadingFranciscus Junius
A prominent figure in the development of philology, contributions focused on the study of languages and ancient texts. Authored significant works that advanced linguistic understanding, particularly in the area of Old English. His research on historical linguistics set a foundation for future studies in the field and influenced both grammar and lexicography. Actively engaged in the interpretation of texts and made essential contributions to the understanding of Gothic language.
Continue ReadingGuercino
A prominent Baroque painter, recognized for mastery of light and shadow. Created numerous significant works, achieving acclaim for naturalistic and emotive depictions. Established a successful workshop, influencing many artists in the region. His dynamic compositions and innovative use of foreshortening marked a pivotal shift in painting styles during the 17th century. Notable works include 'The Calling of Saint Matthew' and 'The Aurora,' showcasing dramatic use of chiaroscuro. Remained active until death in 1666, leaving a rich legacy in the world of art.
Continue ReadingFriedrich Spee
Born in 1591, a poet and author engaged with the theological debates of the time. Associated with the Jesuit order, he wrote on the subjects of morality and faith. His most recognized work, 'Cautio Criminalis', critiques the witch trials and emphasizes justice and humane treatment. The work was significant in the discourse surrounding witch hunts and legal practices in early modern Europe.
Continue ReadingAlexandre de Rhodes
Served as a Jesuit missionary in Vietnam, where significant contributions to the introduction and establishment of the Latin alphabet for the Vietnamese language occurred. Published the first Vietnamese dictionary and a grammar book, which laid the foundation for modern Vietnamese orthography. Worked extensively with Vietnamese language and culture, deeply influencing the development of written Vietnamese.
Continue ReadingFrederick Ulrich
Born in 1591, held the title of Duke. His reign was marked by conflicts involving regional power struggles. Engaged in military affairs and diplomacy, he sought to expand his territory and influence. Expansion efforts included various campaigns during the Thirty Years' War. Despite challenges, he maintained control over his duchy and managed to navigate complex alliances.
Continue ReadingBartholomeus Strobel
Born in Silesia in 1591, this painter became prominent in the early 17th century. The artist specialized in religious subjects and is recognized for artworks that reflected the Counter-Reformation's influence on the church and society. Many of the works created during this period were commissioned by churches and depict biblical narratives with a strong emotional intensity. His contributions to art were significant in the shaping of religious representations in the region. The painter's legacy continues through the preservation of his works in various European collections.
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