Born in 1604
Johann Rudolf Glauber
An alchemist and chemist, contributions to early modern chemistry included the discovery of Glauber's salt, a critical component in various chemical processes. Glauber developed new methodologies and proposed ideas that influenced later chemical practices. He wrote several works discussing salts, acids, and the methods of distillation, becoming a reference point for future chemists. His theories and experiments provided foundational knowledge that advanced the field of chemistry during the 17th century.
Continue ReadingJohn IV of Portugal
Ascended to the throne in 1640, initiating the Portuguese Restoration War against Spain, which had ruled Portugal since 1580. His reign established Portugal’s sovereignty and saw the restoration of the Portuguese monarchy. A significant figure in the political landscape of Europe during the 17th century, he also engaged in multiple military campaigns to solidify Portugal's independence. John IV's rule was marked by efforts to strengthen the economy and improve trade, particularly in the Empire's overseas territories. His efforts culminated in the successful treatment of Portugal's status in Europe by the end of his reign in 1656. A patron of the arts, he is also recognized for his contributions to Portuguese culture.
Continue ReadingJean Mairet
A prominent figure in the early 17th-century French theater, a significant contributor to the genre of tragicomedy. Produced plays that combined elements of tragedy and comedy, advancing dramatic literature in France. Worked at a time when the classical theater was evolving, influencing subsequent playwrights. Notable works include 'La sylve', which showcased a blend of classical themes and contemporary issues.
Continue ReadingClaudia de' Medici
Born into the House of Medici, the individual served as the Grand Duchess of Tuscany from 1637 until 1648. Marriage to Francesco I de' Medici united two powerful houses, establishing a significant political alliance. Managed court life amidst challenges following her husband's death. Involved in the patronage of the arts and contributed to the cultural development of Tuscany.
Continue ReadingJohn Maurice
Born in the Netherlands, a member of the House of Nassau-Siegen and known for military service during the Eighty Years' War. Served as governor of Dutch Brazil from 1637 to 1644, significantly contributing to the administration and development of the colony. Promoted the arts and sciences in the territory, establishing an environment that encouraged cultural and scientific advancements. After returning to Europe, held various roles in the Dutch Republic, involved in military affairs.
Continue ReadingFrançois Hédelin
A prominent French cleric and playwright from the 17th century, contributed significantly to the development of French theatrical criticism. Authored 'La Pratique du théâtre,' which outlined the principles of drama and stagecraft. Influenced the shaping of French classical theatre through critical analysis of performances and playwrights. Engaged in ecclesiastical duties while pursuing literary ambitions.
Continue ReadingTokugawa Iemitsu
Served as the third shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate from 1623 to 1651. Consolidated power within the shogunate and strengthened the central government. Implemented policies that reduced the power of the daimyōs and expanded the influence of the samurai class. Focused on stability, leading to economic growth and cultural development during the Edo period. Oversaw the establishment of the sakoku policy, which restricted foreign relations and trade, ensuring the isolation of Japan from the outside world.
Continue ReadingSir William Brereton
Served as a military commander during the English Civil War. Brereton aligned with the Parliamentarians and played a significant role in the conflict. Participated in key battles, including the Siege of Lichfield. Held the position of a Member of Parliament for various constituencies and was created a Baronet in 1641. Involved in the governance of Chester and worked in defense against Royalist forces throughout the war. Post-war, continued to engage in local politics until his death.
Continue ReadingOsman II
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1618 until 1622, played a pivotal role in military campaigns against Poland and Persia. Attempted to reform the military and administrative structures, advocating for a stronger central authority. His reign was marked by tensions with the Janissaries, leading to a power struggle that resulted in his deposition and execution. This significant period in Ottoman history showed the challenges of governance and the influence of military factions.
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