Historical Events from This Year 1639
Hämeenlinna Established as Independent City
Hämeenlinna, previously part of Vanaja parish, was granted its own city privileges in Tavastia. This significant development marked the evolution of local governance in the region, highlighting the growth of settlements in Finland. As the capital of the Tavastia region, Hämeenlinna's new status facilitated its administrative autonomy, fostering economic and social development in the area. The separation from Vanaja parish allowed for more localized decision-making and resource management.
Continue ReadingFirst Meeting of Barbados House of Assembly
The House of Assembly in Barbados convened for the first time, establishing a legislative body in the colony. This assembly included members elected by white landowners, which laid the groundwork for representative governance in Barbados amidst its growing plantation economy.
Continue ReadingHarvard College is Named After John Harvard
Harvard College was established in 1636 and officially named in honor of clergyman John Harvard in 1639. John Harvard, an early benefactor of the institution, bequeathed half of his estate and his library of over 400 books to the college after his death. The naming reflected the significant support he provided, which helped to shape the early years of the institution located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The act acknowledged his contributions to the education sector and emphasized the importance of religious and scholarly pursuits.
Continue ReadingSwedish Victory at the Battle of Chemnitz
The Battle of Chemnitz marked a significant defeat for the forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the Electorate of Saxony at the hands of Swedish troops. This battle, taking place in the context of the Thirty Years' War, diminished the military effectiveness of the Saxon army during the ongoing conflict. Following this defeat, the Swedes were able to capitalize on their victory and advance further into Bohemia, changing the dynamics of power in the region.
Continue ReadingWilliam Coddington Establishes Newport, Rhode Island
William Coddington, a prominent Puritan leader, founded Newport, Rhode Island, after fleeing religious persecution in Massachusetts. He was joined by several fellow dissenters who shared his vision of creating a community that respected individual liberties and religious freedoms. Coddington purchased Aquidneck Island from the Narragansett tribe, and the settlement quickly grew as an essential hub for trade and commerce in the region. This development set a precedent for the establishment of additional settlements in the area, reflecting the broader movement toward greater autonomy and self-governance.
Continue ReadingFounding of Madras by British East India Company
The British East India Company established Madras after acquiring land from local Nayak rulers. The chosen site was a small strip of land between the ocean and an inland river, which offered strategic advantages. This new settlement would become a significant trading hub and a center for British operations in southern India, reflecting the growing influence of the Company in the region. The deal was negotiated by Francis Day and was crucial for subsequent British expansion.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1639 (View all 12)
Ivan Mazepa
Served as a prominent Ukrainian political figure and military leader during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Became the Cossack Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine in 1687 and held the position until death in 1709. Established alliances with various powers, notably with Sweden during the Great Northern War, aiming for Ukrainian independence from Russian control. His life ended in exile after a failed uprising against Russian dominance.
Continue ReadingMartin Lister
An English physician and geologist, contributions focused on natural history and geology. Published notable works which expanded knowledge in the fields of medicine and earth sciences. Developed significant ideas regarding the classification of organisms and detailed observations of fossils and minerals. Joined the Royal Society and engaged in various scientific endeavors.
Continue ReadingGiovanni Battista Gaulli
Active during the Baroque period, this artist contributed significantly to the development of ceiling frescoes. His works often featured dramatic compositions and vibrant colors. He trained under influential artists and became known for his work at the Church of the Gesù in Rome, where a grand ceiling fresco exemplifies the height of Baroque art. This artist also painted numerous altarpieces and exhibited proficiency in both religious and mythological themes.
Continue ReadingCharles Weston
Born in 1639, became the 3rd Earl of Portland in 1688. Raised in a noble family, served in military roles during the late 17th century. Had a notable career in the English Army and held various positions of influence. His contributions to military and court life were significant during a tumultuous period in English history.
Continue ReadingIncrease Mather
Increase Mather served as a prominent Puritan minister in colonial New England. Mather held the position of president at Harvard College and was a key figure in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. An influential author and preacher, he wrote extensively on theology, including works that addressed the Salem witch trials. His sermons and writings contributed to the development of Congregationalism in America. Mather was involved in the establishment and strengthening of various religious institutions, focusing on the importance of education in ministry.
Continue ReadingJean Racine
Racine became a prominent figure in French classical tragedy during the 17th century. He studied at Port-Royal des Champs, where he developed a strong interest in classical literature. Rising to fame with plays such as 'Andromaque' and 'Phèdre', Racine's works showcased emotional depth and complex characters. His tragedies often drew on themes from Greek mythology and classical history. In addition to writing plays, Racine held a position as a royal historiographer under King Louis XIV. His contributions to theatrical literature influenced subsequent generations of playwrights and established a standard for dramatic writing in France.
Continue ReadingPeople Who Died in 1639 (View all 13)
Jörg Jenatsch
Served as a pastor and engaged in the political landscape of Switzerland during the early 17th century. Actively participated in the conflict over the rights and powers of the Protestant community. Fought against the Catholic forces during the tumultuous period of the Thirty Years' War. His political and religious efforts aimed at protecting Protestant interests in the region.
Continue ReadingTommaso Campanella
Born in 1568, this thinker contributed significantly to philosophy, poetry, and theology during the Renaissance period. His most notable work, 'The City of the Sun', presents an ideal society. Throughout life, he faced imprisonment and persecution for his political and religious beliefs. Engaged in various philosophical debates, his ideas on social structure and governance pushed against the prevailing norms of his time.
Continue ReadingBernard of Saxe-Weimar
Served as a prominent commander during the Thirty Years' War, leading forces for the Protestant cause. Gained recognition for military campaigns in 1630s, particularly in battles across Germany. Became a key ally of France, receiving support from Cardinal Richelieu. Implemented innovative military tactics that influenced future warfare strategies. Died in 1639 from wounds sustained in battle, leaving behind a legacy as an accomplished general.
Continue ReadingJuan Ruiz de Alarcón
Active during the Spanish Golden Age, Ruiz de Alarcón contributed significantly to the theatrical landscape of the time. His works frequently explored themes of morality, social issues, and the complexities of human relationships. He was a prominent figure in the Mexican theater scene, and many of his plays were performed in both Mexico and Spain. The combination of his dramatic talent and literary skills earned him a respected place in the world of early modern Spanish literature.
Continue ReadingMartin van den Hove
Contributed to the field of astronomy and mathematics in the 17th century. Developed planetary models and made significant advancements in mathematical calculations. Published works that influenced later scientific thought and practices. Engaged in discussions on celestial mechanics and improved astronomical instruments.
Continue ReadingMartin Opitz
A prominent poet and composer during the Baroque period, contributions to the German literary landscape included a significant role in establishing the German language in poetry. Opitz published 'Buch von der deutschen Poeterey', which laid theoretical foundations for German poetry and advocated for the use of the German language in literature. His works reflected a blend of classical influences and new forms of expression and played an essential role in the development of German drama and lyrical poetry.
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