People Who Died in 1657
Ferdinand III
Ascended to the position of Holy Roman Emperor in 1637, governed during a tumultuous period marked by the Thirty Years' War. Efforts included facilitating peace negotiations that culminated in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which ended the conflict. Managed the complexities of empire governance, facing challenges from various Protestant and Catholic factions. Advocated for a balance of power within the empire amidst rising tensions between European states. Oversaw cultural developments and fortifications within the empire's territories.
Continue ReadingJean-Jacques Olier
A French priest established a religious congregation dedicated to the education of priests and pastoral care. Founded the Society of Saint-Sulpice in 1641, which aimed to promote the formation of clergy in response to the demands of the Catholic Church during the 17th century. The society significantly influenced the training of priests and was pivotal in the expansion of the church's mission in France and abroad. Advocated for the spiritual and moral development of clergy, emphasizing the importance of education and discipline in religious life.
Continue ReadingWilliam Bradford
Served as the second governor of Plymouth Colony from 1621 to 1657. Played a crucial role in the settlement's establishment and governance. Spearheaded initiatives for communal farming, and promoted cooperation among settlers. Authored 'Of Plymouth Plantation', a detailed historical account of the colony's early years, which remains a vital historical source.
Continue ReadingAndrew Bobola
A Polish Jesuit missionary worked extensively in the regions of Lithuania and Belarus during the 17th century. Engaged in missionary activities, emphasis was placed on converting the local population to Christianity, particularly among the Eastern Orthodox communities. Captured by Cossacks in 1657, endured significant torture before being martyred. Recognized for sustaining faith in the face of persecution, the individual was canonized as a saint in the Catholic Church due to the martyrdom. Celebrated on May 16 in the liturgical calendar.
Continue ReadingWilliam Harvey
Born in 1578, a physician conducted foundational research on the circulatory system. Through meticulous observation and experimentation, presented groundbreaking ideas on blood circulation, significantly altering the understanding of anatomy and physiology. Published "De Motu Cordis" in 1628, outlining the movement of blood through the heart and vessels. This work laid the groundwork for modern cardiology and physiology, influencing subsequent medical practices and theories.
Continue ReadingBohdan Khmelnytsky
Led a major rebellion against Polish-Lithuanian rule in Ukraine, establishing the Cossack state. Played a pivotal role in the formation of the Ukrainian Cossack Hetmanate. Formed an alliance with Russia, resulting in the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654, which sought to protect Ukraine's autonomy while aligning it with Russia for military support.
Continue ReadingJohn Lilburne
Active during the English Civil War, played a significant role in promoting civil liberties and individual rights. Participated in the Levellers movement, advocating for popular sovereignty and social reforms. His writings emphasized the need for accountability and transparency in governance, contributing to the development of democratic principles. Engaged in various legal battles against oppressive measures by authorities, which highlighted issues of freedom of speech and the press.
Continue ReadingArvid Wittenberg
Served as a prominent military leader in Sweden during the 17th century. Held the rank of field marshal and was involved in several key campaigns during the Thirty Years' War. Played a critical role in various battles that expanded Swedish territories and influence in Northern Europe. Wittenberg's strategic skills and leadership were recognized during a period of significant military engagement for Sweden.
Continue ReadingOlimpia Maidalchini
A Roman noble associated with significant political maneuvering during the 17th century. Maidalchini served as the sister-in-law of Pope Innocent X and leveraged her position to gain power and influence within the papal court. Engaged in various real estate transactions and became involved in the patronage of artists. Controversial for her alleged involvement in political decisions.
Continue Reading