Historical Events from This Year 1663
Otto von Guericke Completes Vacuum Studies
Otto von Guericke finalized his significant manuscript, 'Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio', where he vividly narrated his groundbreaking experiments on vacuum and electrostatic phenomena. Through rigorous experiments, he notably illustrated the absence of air and its effects, providing essential proofs of his theories. His work contributed to the understanding of atmospheric pressure and electrostatic forces, thereby influencing future scientific inquiries into these fields. This publication marked a notable advancement in experimental science and philosophy.
Continue ReadingCharter Grant of Carolina to Lords Proprietor
In March 1663, a charter was granted to eight Lords Proprietor for the Province of Carolina as a reward for their role in the Restoration of Charles II. This charter defined the boundaries and governance of the new colony, setting the stage for future settlement and development. The Lords Proprietor aimed to establish a prosperous society by attracting settlers seeking opportunity in the New World. This marked the formal beginning of Carolina's establishment as a British colony under a proprietary system.
Continue ReadingVictorious Portuguese End Spanish Domination
In the Battle of Ameixial, Portuguese forces led by General Afonso de Chaves achieved a decisive victory against the Spanish army. This battle took place in the Algarve region of Portugal, solidifying Portugal's desire for independence after 60 years of Iberian Union under Spanish rule. The clash highlighted the resilience and determination of the Portuguese, igniting further efforts for autonomy and marking a key moment in the Portuguese Restoration War.
Continue ReadingSpanish Garrison of Évora Surrenders to Portugal
Following their defeat at the Battle of Ameixial, the Spanish garrison in Évora capitulated to Portuguese forces. This significant event marked a turning point in the Portuguese Restoration War, as Portuguese troops effectively regained control over strategic territories previously occupied by the Spanish during the Iberian Union. The surrender occurred amid rising Portuguese confidence and military successes, leading to the eventual stabilization of Portugal's independence.
Continue ReadingRoyal Charter Granted to Rhode Island
Charles II of England granted a royal charter to John Clarke for the establishment of the Colony of Rhode Island. This charter recognized the colony's governance and provided for religious freedom, allowing diverse faiths to thrive. It marked a significant moment in colonial self-governance.
Continue ReadingParliament Passes Second Navigation Act
The English Parliament enacted the second Navigation Act, mandating that all goods en route to the American colonies be transported on English ships originating from English ports. This act was aimed at strengthening mercantilism and controlling colonial trade while ensuring the dominance of English merchants in overseas commerce. Following the Acts of Union in 1707, Scotland was also included under the provisions of this legislation, reinforcing the economic ties between England and its northern neighbor.
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