Born in 1694
Johan Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg
Served as a Minister of State in Denmark, playing a significant role in the governance of the country during the early 18th century. Engaged in important state affairs and contributed to political discussions of the time. Involved in various diplomatic and administrative duties, shaping policies and participating in government decisions. His tenure encompassed periods of change and development within Danish politics, particularly in relation to foreign affairs and national interests.
Continue ReadingPhilip Stanhope
Born in 1694, the 4th Earl of Chesterfield held several notable political roles in Britain, particularly serving as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1737 to 1741. His tenure was marked by attempts to address governance issues in Ireland during a period of significant tension. Additionally, he was a prominent member of the House of Lords and contributed to political discourse in the 18th century. Apart from politics, he is recognized for his literary work, especially for a series of letters to his son which provided advice on etiquette and conduct.
Continue ReadingHenry Pelham
Served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1743 until death in 1754. Oversaw significant political developments during the War of the Austrian Succession and the early stages of the Seven Years' War. Advocated for a government aligned with Whig principles and worked to stabilize the economy in post-war Britain. Instrumental in negotiating peace with France, contributing to the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748.
Continue ReadingLord George Murray
Born in 1694, served as a general in the Jacobite army during the Jacobite uprisings in Britain. Played a significant role in the 1745 Rising, supporting Charles Edward Stuart's claim to the throne. Demonstrated military leadership during the Battle of Prestonpans and the Battle of Falkirk. After the Jacobite defeat at Culloden in 1746, fled to France and continued to support the Jacobite cause until his death in 1760.
Continue ReadingYeongjo of Joseon
Ruled the Joseon Dynasty from 1724 to 1776, implementing significant reforms in governance and society. Sought to stabilize the kingdom through a focus on Confucian ideals and promoted civil service examinations. Addressed social issues such as famine relief and corruption within the bureaucracy. Oversaw a flourishing of culture, particularly in literature and the arts, during the latter part of the dynasty. His reign was marked by efforts to strengthen royal authority and diminish factional conflicts.
Continue ReadingVoltaire
A prominent figure of the Enlightenment, this individual gained recognition for sharp wit and advocacy of civil liberties. Works include 'Candide' and 'Letters on England.' Contributions to philosophy emphasized freedom of expression and religious tolerance. Spent significant time in exile due to controversial writings. Influenced modern liberal thought through essays and plays. Engaged in correspondence with many Enlightenment thinkers.
Continue ReadingLeopold
Ruled Lorraine from 1690 until death in 1729. Also served as a general in the French army and played a role in various military campaigns during the War of Spanish Succession. Established a series of reforms and infrastructure improvements in Lorraine, fostering a period of growth and stability. Engaged in diplomatic efforts to strengthen Lorraine's position in Europe.
Continue ReadingWilliam Shirley
Served as Governor of the province of Massachusetts Bay from 1741 to 1756. Played a key role in colonial governance during the French and Indian War. Implemented military organization and policy that contributed to the British colonial efforts. Oversaw the establishment of Fort Fortification at Crown Point, which was significant during the conflict. Managed colonial disputes and relations, earning recognition for administrative efforts and military leadership.
Continue ReadingHermann Samuel Reimarus
A German philosopher and author contributed significantly to the Enlightenment era. Best recognized for the critique of religious beliefs and the historical analysis of Jesus' life through works such as 'Apologie oder Schutzschrift für die vernünftigen Verehrer Gottes.' Reimarus aimed to reconcile faith and reason, questioning traditional theological dogmas. His posthumously published writings laid foundational ideas for biblical criticism and the historical-critical method, influencing later thinkers. He engaged in philosophical debates of his time, focusing on ethics and epistemology.
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