Born in 1699
Osman III
Sultan reigned from 1754 to 1757. Came to power during a period marked by internal strife and external pressures on the empire. Focused on reforming the administrative aspects of the empire. Also dealt with challenges posed by the Russian Empire. His reign was short and characterized by attempts to stabilize the empire amidst ongoing conflicts. Died in 1757.
Continue ReadingJohann Adolph Hasse
Born in 1699, a prominent figure in 18th-century opera, contributed significantly to the development of Italian opera in Germany. Studied in Naples and became associated with the Neapolitan school. Held positions in various European courts, including those in Dresden and Venice. Composed over 20 operas, which were well received during his lifetime. His works often featured elaborate vocal lines and dramatic orchestration, showcasing the style of the time. His influence extended to later composers, shaping the evolution of opera.
Continue ReadingSebastião José de Carvalho e Melo
Held the office of Prime Minister of Portugal from 1750 to 1777. Implemented significant reforms in education, economics, and administration following the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. Advocated for the reduction of the power of the Church and centralized royal authority, thereby modernizing the state. Initiated infrastructure projects and promoted trade, contributing to Portugal's recovery and growth in the 18th century.
Continue ReadingHans Joachim von Zieten
Born in 1699, this Prussian general served with distinction during the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War. His military career included significant contributions to the Prussian army's strategies and operations. Renowned for leadership on the battlefield, he participated in several crucial battles, showcasing tactical prowess. He gained recognition for his role in the Battle of Rossbach, which was a decisive victory for Prussia. His legacy as a military leader solidified his reputation within the Prussian military establishment, where he held various significant commands throughout his career, contributing to the development of military tactics in Prussian warfare.
Continue ReadingMarie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin
A prominent figure in the French Enlightenment, a salonnière facilitated gatherings of intellectuals, artists, and writers in Paris. Established her salon in the mid-18th century, attracting influential thinkers such as Voltaire and Diderot. Played a significant role in the promotion of Enlightenment ideas and served as a key patron for the Encyclopédie.
Continue ReadingJean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
An influential French painter and educator, contributed significantly to the genre of still life painting in the 18th century. Worked primarily in Paris, focusing on everyday subjects with a unique ability to capture light and texture. Created celebrated works that emphasized the beauty of domesticity and humble items. These paintings displayed a masterful use of color and composition, which garnered attention and respect among contemporaries and later generations. Additionally, engaged in teaching, influencing future artists through a dedication to the craft and technique.
Continue ReadingJan Zach
A violinist, organist, and composer from the Czech Republic. Contributed significantly to the Baroque music scene. Served as a composer at various churches, showcasing expertise in both sacred and secular music. Wrote numerous compositions, including orchestral works and operas, helping shape the musical landscape of the time.
Continue ReadingKing Christian VI of Denmark
Ruled Denmark from 1730 to 1746. Oversaw the establishment of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters and promoted various cultural and scientific endeavors. His reign emphasized economic development and the welfare of the Danish people. Implemented reforms in the army and strengthened the royal authority within the government. Resided in Frederiksborg Castle and later at Christiansborg Palace, contributing to the architectural landscape of Denmark.
Continue ReadingMaria Josepha of Austria
Born in 1699, became Queen consort of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania through marriage to Augustus III of Poland. Maria Josepha's role involved significant political alliances within the context of European power struggles in the 18th century. She participated in court life and contributed to the cultural landscape of Poland during her tenure.
Continue Reading