Born in 1706
John Dollond
An English optician and astronomer contributed significantly to the development of telescopes. Invented the achromatic lens, which improved clarity in observing celestial bodies and helped advance the field of astronomy. Established a successful optical business and served as a member of the Royal Society. Had an enduring influence on optical science and contributed to various advancements in lens design.
Continue ReadingJohan Augustin Mannerheim
A military leader and nobleman, served in the Swedish army during the Great Northern War. Participated in various military campaigns, displaying strategic prowess. Became a prominent figure in the Swedish military hierarchy and was influential in the development of military tactics in the early 18th century.
Continue ReadingPolyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
Born in 1706, a member of the House of Hesse-Rotenburg, married to Heinrich Friedrich, Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein. Resided in Hohenlohe-Neuenstein where played a significant role in the local aristocracy. Engaged in various state affairs alongside husband, contributing to the governance of the region. Had several children, furthering the family lineage within German nobility.
Continue ReadingJohann Ulrich von Cramer
A prominent figure in 18th century German philosophy and jurisprudence, expertise lay in the field of law. Held a position as a judge, contributing to the development of legal thought during this period. Authored notable works that addressed significant philosophical issues and legal principles, influencing both contemporary and future discussions on philosophy and law.
Continue ReadingÉmilie du Châtelet
Contributions to mathematics and physics included significant work on kinetic energy and the conservation of energy. Translated and commented on Isaac Newton's 'Principia Mathematica', expanding its reach and accessibility. Developed a mathematical framework for understanding energy which laid groundwork for later scientific developments. Engaged in philosophical discourse, advocating for women's education and scientific inquiry.
Continue ReadingJames Abercrombie
Served as a prominent general in the British Army, leading forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. Commanded troops at the Battle of Alexandria in 1801, achieving a decisive victory against the French. Played a crucial role in campaigns across the Mediterranean, including the capture of the French-held island of Malta. Involved in political discussions regarding military strategies and governance during a transformative period in British history.
Continue ReadingBaldassare Galuppi
A prominent composer during the 18th century, participated in the development of the opera buffa genre. Received acclaim for works that included a rich variety of operatic and church music. Integrated innovative musical forms into the compositions which contributed to the evolution of Italian opera. Influence extended beyond Italy, impacting composers in various regions of Europe. Served in various musical posts and created numerous operas, many of which were performed widely.
Continue ReadingMarthanda Varma
Raja of Attingal ruled during the 18th century in the princely state of Travancore in present-day Kerala, India. The reign was marked by efforts to strengthen the administration and bolster the position of the royal family. Initiated reforms in governance and military organization, laying foundations for the future stability of the state. Established alliances with neighboring states and British colonial powers, navigating the complex political landscape of the time. Promoted cultural and religious developments within the region, patronizing various art forms and temples.
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