Born in 1717
Charles Gravier
Served as Foreign Minister of France from 1776 until death in 1787. Played a crucial role in securing French support for the American colonies during the American Revolutionary War. Worked to establish alliances that would weaken British power and enhance French interests. Influenced French foreign policy through strategic diplomacy, fostering relationships with various European powers. Served prior as a diplomat in various capacities, particularly in Sweden and Prussia.
Continue ReadingMarie Anne de Mailly
A prominent figure in the court of Louis XV, she became his official mistress around 1733. De Mailly was a member of the noble Mailly family and played a significant role in the social and political dynamics of the French court. The affair led to her being granted various privileges and responsibilities, often influencing royal decisions. However, the relationship did not last, as de Mailly was eventually replaced by another mistress. Her life ended in 1744, but she remains a significant figure in the context of French monarchy and society during her time.
Continue ReadingPius VI
Pope Pius VI served as the leader of the Catholic Church from 1775 until death in 1799. His papacy was marked by the tumultuous political changes in Europe during the late 18th century, particularly the French Revolution. Pius VI faced challenges to papal authority, including conflicts with the French government, leading to his eventual imprisonment. The pope actively worked to defend the Church's interests during this period of profound change and reform. He played a significant role in the Church's response to various theological and political issues of the time. His efforts included the promotion of religious art and scholarship.
Continue ReadingPehr Wilhelm Wargentin
Contributed to the field of astronomy and demography in Sweden during the 18th century. Served as the first director of the Stockholm Observatory, where significant observations of celestial phenomena were conducted. Engaged in the statistical analysis of population data, advancing the understanding of demographic information in Sweden. Published works that provided foundational knowledge in these fields, influencing future studies.
Continue ReadingWilliam Barrington
Served as the Chancellor of the Exchequer in Great Britain, overseeing financial matters during a significant period. Held the title of 2nd Viscount Barrington and contributed to legislative processes. Engaged in parliamentary debates and policy-making issues pertaining to taxation and public finance. His tenure influenced fiscal strategies and government spending during his time in office.
Continue ReadingHenry Middleton
Middleton served as a prominent farmer and politician during the American Revolution. He was elected as the second President of the Continental Congress in 1781, contributing to the governance of the colonies during a critical period of conflict against British rule. In addition to his leadership role, Middleton was also a delegate to the Continental Congress representing South Carolina, where he participated in important debates concerning the formation of the new nation. His political career reflected the complexities of the era, balancing local interests with the broader goals of independence. After his presidency, he continued to be involved in public affairs until his death in 1784.
Continue ReadingMatthew Stewart
This mathematician specialized in mathematics and philosophy, contributing significantly to both fields. Stewart served as a professor of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh. His notable works include a comprehensive study on the applications of mathematics in various disciplines. He also authored 'The Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind', where he discussed the intersection of mathematics and human thought. His studies helped lay groundwork for future developments in both mathematics and analytic philosophy.
Continue ReadingWilliam Williams Pantycelyn
A prominent Welsh composer and poet, he significantly contributed to the development of Welsh hymnody. His most famous work includes the hymn 'Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah'. Born in 1717, his writings played a crucial role in the Methodist revival in Wales. He also worked as a preacher and wrote numerous hymns that are still sung today in Welsh chapels.
Continue ReadingPeter III of Portugal
Ascended to the throne in 1777. Ruled briefly as King of Portugal and was instrumental in promoting the liberal ideas of the Enlightenment. His reign was characterized by efforts to streamline the administration and modernize the Portuguese state. Although the reign lasted only a few months before his death, significant changes in government took place during this period.
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