Born in 1727
Thomas Gainsborough
Born in 1727, this painter specialized in portraiture and landscape painting. His work displayed a mastery of color and light, contributing significantly to English art. The most notable creations include 'The Blue Boy' and the portrait of Sarah Siddons. Operating primarily in Bath and London, he was a key figure in the 18th-century art scene. Gainsborough established a significant reputation through his innovative approach to depicting subjects with a naturalistic quality, bridging the gap between tradition and modernity in painting. He also was a founding member of the Royal Academy, further solidifying his legacy in the arts.
Continue ReadingIvan Shuvalov
An art collector and philanthropist originated from Russia. Established the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. Contributed to the development of Russian cultural institutions, promoting the arts during the 18th century. Worked closely with the Empress Elizabeth and later with Peter III, enhancing the cultural landscape of the Russian Empire.
Continue ReadingPhilibert Commerson
Trained as a physician, engaged in scientific exploration in the 18th century. Participated in the expeditions of Louis Antoine de Bougainville, contributing valuable research on botany and natural history. Undertook exploration of the South Seas, documenting flora and fauna. Collected numerous plant specimens, some of which were named after him and remain significant in botanical studies.
Continue ReadingArtemas Ward
A general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, served with distinction early in the conflict. Participated in the Siege of Boston and commanded forces at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Played a significant role in organizing the army and securing resources for the war effort. After the war, also held political positions, including serving as a member of the Massachusetts legislature and as a delegate to the Continental Congress.
Continue ReadingJohann Gottfried Zinn
An anatomist and botanist contributed significantly to the field of anatomy and plant biology. Focused on comparative anatomy, conducted extensive research on the structure of various organs in humans and animals. Authored 'Zinn's Anatomy', a comprehensive work detailing anatomical observations. Worked at the University of Göttingen, where he influenced the study of natural sciences. His botanical studies included the classification of several plant species, laying groundwork for future research in botany. His legacy includes contributions to medical education and study methodologies in anatomy and botany.
Continue ReadingHoratio Gates
A general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, held significant command roles. Played a pivotal part in the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, which boosted American morale and helped secure French support for the revolution. Commanded troops in various campaigns throughout the war, being a prominent figure in military strategy and operations. Contributed to the early leadership of the American forces against British troops.
Continue ReadingHenriette of France
Born into the royal family of France, served as Madame de France and was the youngest daughter of King Louis XIII and Anne of Austria. Henriette held significant influence at the court of Versailles. Often remembered for her close ties with her brother, King Louis XIV, and her close association with the court's political dynamics. Married to the Duke of Orléans, her life included participation in noble intrigues and cultural events. Death occurred in 1752, resulting in a notable period of mourning at court.
Continue ReadingAnne Robert Jacques Turgot
An influential economist and politician served as the Controller-General of Finances in France. Implemented economic reforms aimed at modernizing the French economy including promoting free trade and reducing regulatory restrictions. Advocated for the establishment of a single land tax to replace the various taxes that burdened the populace. His fiscal policies faced significant opposition and ultimately led to his dismissal from office during the financial tumult leading up to the French Revolution.
Continue ReadingJędrzej Kitowicz
A Polish priest and historian contributed significantly to the documentation of Polish history and culture in the 18th century. Authored several notable works, reflecting insights into the customs, folklore, and historical events of Poland during that period. The most recognized work includes 'History of Polish Customs', which detailed various aspects of social life, traditions, and events affecting Poland. His writings provided a narrative that shaped the understanding of Polish history for future generations.
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