Born in 1727
Thomas Gainsborough
Born in 1727, this painter specialized in portraiture and landscape painting. His work displayed a mastery of color and light, contributing significantly to English art. The most notable creations include 'The Blue Boy' and the portrait of Sarah Siddons. Operating primarily in Bath and London, he was a key figure in the 18th-century art scene. Gainsborough established a significant reputation through his innovative approach to depicting subjects with a naturalistic quality, bridging the gap between tradition and modernity in painting. He also was a founding member of the Royal Academy, further solidifying his legacy in the arts.
Continue ReadingIvan Shuvalov
An art collector and philanthropist originated from Russia. Established the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. Contributed to the development of Russian cultural institutions, promoting the arts during the 18th century. Worked closely with the Empress Elizabeth and later with Peter III, enhancing the cultural landscape of the Russian Empire.
Continue ReadingPhilibert Commerson
Trained as a physician, engaged in scientific exploration in the 18th century. Participated in the expeditions of Louis Antoine de Bougainville, contributing valuable research on botany and natural history. Undertook exploration of the South Seas, documenting flora and fauna. Collected numerous plant specimens, some of which were named after him and remain significant in botanical studies.
Continue ReadingArtemas Ward
A general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, served with distinction early in the conflict. Participated in the Siege of Boston and commanded forces at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Played a significant role in organizing the army and securing resources for the war effort. After the war, also held political positions, including serving as a member of the Massachusetts legislature and as a delegate to the Continental Congress.
Continue ReadingJohann Gottfried Zinn
An anatomist and botanist contributed significantly to the field of anatomy and plant biology. Focused on comparative anatomy, conducted extensive research on the structure of various organs in humans and animals. Authored 'Zinn's Anatomy', a comprehensive work detailing anatomical observations. Worked at the University of Göttingen, where he influenced the study of natural sciences. His botanical studies included the classification of several plant species, laying groundwork for future research in botany. His legacy includes contributions to medical education and study methodologies in anatomy and botany.
Continue ReadingGiovanni Battista Cipriani
An Italian painter and engraver associated with the neoclassical movement, this individual specialized in historic and mythological subjects. Cipriani trained under prominent artists in Florence and later moved to England, where he became influential in the art scene. His works often displayed intricate detail and contained vibrant compositions. Cipriani's artistic style was characterized by a blend of elegance and clarity, which resonated with contemporary tastes in the late 18th century. Many of his pieces were commissioned for public spaces, and he contributed to various decorative projects in London. His engravings contributed to the dissemination of neoclassical themes in art throughout Europe.
Continue ReadingHenriette of France
Born into the royal family of France, served as Madame de France and was the youngest daughter of King Louis XIII and Anne of Austria. Henriette held significant influence at the court of Versailles. Often remembered for her close ties with her brother, King Louis XIV, and her close association with the court's political dynamics. Married to the Duke of Orléans, her life included participation in noble intrigues and cultural events. Death occurred in 1752, resulting in a notable period of mourning at court.
Continue ReadingJohann Christoph Gatterer
A German historian deeply engaged in the study of history and geography. Gatterer contributed to historical scholarship through various works focusing on the regional history of Germany and the methodology of historical research. He served as a professor of history at the University of Göttingen, where he helped shape the discipline. Gatterer also worked on the Historical Atlas of Germany, which aimed to map German history geographically. His approach influenced subsequent generations in the field of historical studies.
Continue ReadingHoratio Gates
A general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, held significant command roles. Played a pivotal part in the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, which boosted American morale and helped secure French support for the revolution. Commanded troops in various campaigns throughout the war, being a prominent figure in military strategy and operations. Contributed to the early leadership of the American forces against British troops.
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