Historical Events from This Year 1746
Bonnie Prince Charlie Takes Control of Stirling
Bonnie Prince Charlie, the Jacobite leader, strategically occupied Stirling in January 1746 during the Second Jacobite Rising. His forces aimed to reclaim the British throne for the House of Stuart. Stirling, a notable stronghold, offered a significant advantage in terms of both defense and supply routes. The occupation energized the Jacobite cause, bolstering recruitment efforts as Charlie sought to gather strength for a decisive campaign. The move was pivotal in his attempts to challenge the Protestant Hanoverian government in Britain.
Continue ReadingThe Battle of Culloden Unfolds in Scotland
The Battle of Culloden was fought between the Jacobite forces, who were seeking to restore the Stuart monarchy, and the British Hanoverian army led by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland. Located near Inverness, Scotland, the battle took place in the aftermath of a series of Jacobite uprisings and aimed to secure the British crown's hold on Scotland. The Jacobites, supported by France, faced a decisive defeat, resulting in significant shifts in power within the British Isles.
Continue ReadingAustrian and Sardinian Victory at Piacenza
In 1746, Austrian and Sardinian forces successfully defeated a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza. This engagement was part of the War of the Austrian Succession, with significant implications for territorial disputes in Europe. The battle showcased the strategies employed by the allies against a formidable enemy, ultimately leading to a crucial shift in power dynamics in the region.
Continue ReadingThe College of New Jersey Receives Its Charter
The College of New Jersey, which would later become Princeton University, received its charter on this day. Authorized by the New Jersey legislature, this institution aimed to provide education in the arts and sciences, reflecting the growing importance of higher education in colonial America. The charter laid the groundwork for the school's mission to train clergy and leaders in the American colonies.
Continue ReadingBorn in 1746 (View all 27)
George Elphinstone
Born in 1746, served as a Royal Navy officer during pivotal naval battles. Promoted to the rank of admiral, played key roles in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Appointed Governor of Cape Colony and Lord of the Admiralty, influenced naval policy. Elevated to the peerage as 1st Viscount Keith, recognized for strategic leadership and contributions to military reform.
Continue ReadingJohann Heinrich Pestalozzi
A prominent educational reformer engaged in developing pioneering methods in education. Established several schools in Switzerland emphasizing the importance of emotional and ethical development alongside intellectual growth. Advocated for a holistic approach to learning that combined head, heart, and hands, which significantly influenced the field of education in Europe. Writings on education revolutionized teaching methodologies and laid the groundwork for modern pedagogy.
Continue ReadingGustav III of Sweden
Ascended to the throne in 1771, the monarch implemented significant reforms in Sweden, including promoting the arts and liberal economic policies. Gustav III was a patron of the theatre, founding the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm. He also sought to modernize the country, advocating for agricultural advancements and enhancing education. Gustav III engaged in political maneuvering, strengthening the monarchy's power by limiting the influence of the nobility. His reign was marked by conflicts, including the Russo-Swedish War, and he faced assassination in 1792.
Continue ReadingMaria Amalia
Born into the House of Bourbon, assumed the title of Duchess of Parma in 1748 after her marriage to Duke Ferdinand of Parma. Managed the duchy during a period marked by political changes and military conflicts in Europe. Fostered artistic and cultural developments in Parma, supporting various artists and architects. Held court in a fashionable palace while navigating the complexities of European nobility and alliances.
Continue ReadingLouis-Jérôme Gohier
Served as the Minister of Justice in France during the tumultuous period of the French Revolution. Appointed to this role from 1799 to 1800, oversaw significant legal and judicial reforms. Engaged in efforts to balance revolutionary ideals with the practical needs of governance. Participated in the establishment of new legal frameworks that influenced the future of French law. After the fall of the revolutionary government, faced political challenges and ultimately resigned from the position.
Continue ReadingAndré Michaux
A prominent botanist and explorer, significant contributions to the study of North American flora occurred during a series of botanical expeditions in the late 18th century. Worked extensively in regions that are now the United States, documenting various plant species and their habitats. Conducted research in the Ohio Valley, the Southern states, and the Appalachian Mountains. Established a botanical garden in Paris which served as a center for plant study and exchange. His writings include valuable observations on plant cultivation and natural history.
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Nicolas de Largillière
Active during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, this individual specialized in portraiture, blending the influence of Flemish and Italian styles. The painter enjoyed a prosperous career, producing works that captured the likeness and status of many prominent figures of the time. Key commissions included portraits of the French nobility, royal family members, and leading intellectuals. A member of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, contributed significantly to the formal art scene in France. Techniques utilized in the portraits emphasized the interplay of light and shadow, enhancing the three-dimensionality of subjects.
Continue ReadingThomas Southerne
An Irish playwright, contributed significantly to the Restoration period of English theatre. Authored several successful plays during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, with a focus on comedy and tragedy. One of the most successful works included 'The Wives' Excuse', showcasing wit and satire. The adaptation of 'Oroonoko' gained attention for its commentary on colonialism and the human condition, further establishing a reputation in theatrical circles.
Continue ReadingColin Maclaurin
A renowned mathematician from Scotland developed influential theories in calculus and geometry. Maclaurin's work on Taylor series led to the formulation of the Maclaurin series, which is a specific case of the Taylor series expansion. He served as a professor of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh and contributed to the understanding of gravitation and planetary motion. Additionally, he published several significant works, including 'Treatise on Fluxions', which discussed differential calculus. The contributions to mathematical analysis and functions have had lasting effects in the field.
Continue ReadingPhilip V of Spain
Became the first Bourbon king of Spain in 1700, initiating a significant dynasty change. Ruled through the War of Spanish Succession, where his accession was challenged by several European powers. His reign was marked by territorial expansion and reform of the Spanish administration, including the establishment of a centralized state. Oversaw the introduction of the Nueva Planta decrees, which aimed to unify Spain under Castilian law. Philip reigned until his death in 1746, leaving a legacy of courtly culture and military engagements in Europe.
Continue ReadingFrancis Hutcheson
Contributions included significant works in moral philosophy and aesthetics. Promoted the idea of 'moral sense', influencing Enlightenment thought. Served as a professor at the University of Glasgow, shaping philosophy education. Wrote influential texts such as 'A System of Moral Philosophy' and 'An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue'.
Continue ReadingJosiah Burchett
Served as an English admiral and politician, holding the position of Secretary to the Admiralty. Contributed to naval administration and policy during the early 18th century. Played a significant role in the Royal Navy's operations during his tenure. His writings on naval matters provided insights into maritime strategy and governance, enhancing efficiency in naval engagements.
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