Born in 1840
Hiram Maxim
An American-English engineer, contributed to military technology through the invention of the Maxim gun, a machine gun that played a significant role in warfare during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The design of the weapon revolutionized the art of warfare and introduced new strategies on the battlefield. In addition to the Maxim gun, developed other inventions, including a portable steam engine and an airship design. Maxim's work in ballistics and weaponry had a lasting influence on military firearms and tactics.
Continue ReadingTitu Maiorescu
A prominent philosopher and academic, this figure served as the 23rd Prime Minister of Romania in the late 19th century. His contributions to literature and philosophy were significant, particularly in shaping the cultural landscape of Romania. He founded the cultural society "Junimea," which played a crucial role in Romanian literature. His critiques and theories in aesthetics and logic left a lasting impact on Romanian intellectual thought. A notable aspect of his political career included efforts to modernize Romanian education and promote national culture.
Continue ReadingAugust Bebel
An influential figure in the German socialist movement, played a key role in founding the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Advocated for workers' rights and women's suffrage through writings and speeches. Authored seminal texts, including 'Women and Socialism,' which addressed gender equality. Served in the Reichstag, contributing to socialist policy and reform efforts in late 19th and early 20th century Germany.
Continue ReadingShibusawa Eiichi
A prominent figure in Japanese industrialization during the Meiji era. Founded the first modern bank in Japan, the Tokyo Shogin Bank. Established numerous companies across various sectors, including railroads, textiles, and manufacturing. Advocated for a new approach to capitalism, emphasizing ethical practices and the importance of social responsibility in business. Played a vital role in promoting the development of Japan’s modern economy and was often referred to as the 'father of Japanese capitalism.'
Continue ReadingWilliam Cosmo Monkhouse
Born in 1840, a noted English poet and critic. Contributed significantly to the literary landscape of the 19th century through poetry that explored themes of nature and society. Worked as a reviewer for several periodicals, offering critiques of contemporary literature and contributing to the understanding of poetic forms. His critical essays provided insight into the works of other poets, and he was engaged in the promotion of poetry among the public. Monkhouse also produced a collection of poetry that reflected the aesthetics and sentiments of his time, achieving recognition within literary circles.
Continue ReadingIllarion Pryanishnikov
Born in 1840, significant contributions were made to Russian art through the portrayal of historical subjects and themes. Engaged with the artistic movements of the time, the approach reflected the socio-political ambiance of the 19th century. Worked closely with the Peredvizhniki movement, which sought to depict the lives of ordinary people and social issues within Russian society. Participated in numerous exhibitions, solidifying a reputation in the Moscow art community and beyond.
Continue ReadingMyles Keogh
Born in Ireland, served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Fought at the Battle of Gettysburg and received a brevet promotion to brigadier general. Later served as a cavalry officer in the U.S. Army and became part of the Seventh Cavalry. Died at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, leading troops during the conflict.
Continue ReadingEmin Pasha
Born in Germany, Emin Pasha trained as a physician and eventually moved to Egypt. He served as a key figure in the administration of the Equatorial provinces in Africa during the late 19th century. Emin Pasha became a significant political leader, particularly during the time of the Mahdist War. As an administrator, he focused on medical care and infrastructure improvements in the regions he governed. His correspondence and reports shed light on the condition and politics of East Africa at the time.
Continue ReadingÉmile Zola
A prominent figure in the literary movement known as naturalism, contributed significantly to literature during the late 19th century. Authored the series of novels titled 'Les Rougon-Macquart', exploring the impact of heredity and environment on individuals. Zola's work frequently addressed social issues and injustices in France. Wrote 'J'accuse', an open letter that defended an unjustly accused officer during the Dreyfus Affair, igniting widespread public debate and political controversy.
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