Born in 1850
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Contributed significantly to psychology, particularly in the study of memory and learning. Developed the forgetting curve and the spacing effect, which describe how information is retained and lost over time. Conducted pioneering research using non-words to understand memory processes. Ebbinghaus's work laid the groundwork for future research in cognitive psychology.
Continue ReadingJohn Collier
An English painter and author, significant contributions include literary depictions and visual arts. Specialization in portrait painting characterized work, reflecting a deep engagement with themes of mythology and realism. Achievements in literature included writings on art and culture, enhancing understanding of the artistic process. Active during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, produced various notable works exhibited in prestigious collections across the United Kingdom.
Continue ReadingSamuel Gompers
Born in England, a labor leader emigrated to the United States where he played a significant role in the labor movement. Established the American Federation of Labor (AFL), advocating for workers' rights and better working conditions. Served as the AFL's first president, a position held for almost four decades. Focused on trade unionism and collective bargaining, promoting efforts for labor legislation.
Continue ReadingEdward Smith
A sea captain, served as the captain of RMS Titanic during its ill-fated maiden voyage. After years of experience with the White Star Line, commanded several luxury liners. Titanic sank on April 15, 1912, after hitting an iceberg, resulting in significant loss of life. Smith had a reputation for being an experienced mariner before the disaster occurred. His last voyage became a pivotal moment in maritime history, highlighting the need for improved safety regulations in naval transportation.
Continue ReadingKate Chopin
Significant contributions to literature occurred through the exploration of women's issues and identity in the late 19th century. Noteworthy works include 'The Awakening', which examined the constraints of motherhood and marriage. Other stories, such as 'The Story of an Hour' and 'Desiree's Baby', delved into themes of freedom and racial identity, reflecting the complexities of Southern life.
Continue ReadingSophie Bryant
Contributions to mathematics included work on set theory and mathematical logic. Served as a lecturer in mathematics at University College London, becoming one of the first women in this role. Engaged in the suffragist movement, advocating for women's rights and education. Published several papers, enhancing the field of mathematics and promoting the involvement of women in academia.
Continue ReadingGeorge Henschel
Born in Germany and later moved to England, this singer-songwriter, pianist, and conductor played a significant role in the music scene during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The individual contributed to the arts as a conductor for notable orchestras and worked with prominent composers. As the first music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the individual shaped the orchestra's early performances and reputation. In addition to conducting, compositions included works for voice and piano, showcasing musical talents and versatility.
Continue ReadingCésar Ritz
A Swiss businessman, established the Ritz Hotel in London and Hôtel Ritz Paris, revolutionizing luxury hospitality. Emphasized high standards of service and comfort. His hotels became synonymous with elegance and sophistication, attracting affluent clientele from around the world.
Continue ReadingTomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Austrian-Czech sociologist and politician served as the first President of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1935. Masaryk played a significant role in the establishment of the Czechoslovak state after World War I, advocating for democracy and nationalism. His work in sociology and philosophy influenced his political career, emphasizing ethics and social justice. He contributed to the founding of Czechoslovakia by uniting various nationalist movements and negotiating with world leaders. His presidency focused on nation-building and fostering a democratic society.
Continue Reading