What Happened This Year 1861

Born in 1861

Luigi Galleani

Italian anarchist theorist and writer
Born
1861 164 years ago
Died
November 4th, 1931 93 years ago — 70 years old

An influential anarchist theorist and activist, contributed extensively to anarchist literature and organized labor movements in the early 20th century. Wrote several key texts on anarchism, advocating for direct action and revolutionary tactics. Edited the anarchist publication 'Cronaca Sovversiva', which disseminated radical ideas and strategies for workers' rights. Explored concepts of individual freedom and anti-authoritarianism through various writings, promoting a vision of social revolution. Engaged in activism that linked labor struggles with anarchist principles, fostering a network of followers and supporters both in Europe and the United States.

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Andrew C. McLaughlin

American historian and author
Born
1861 164 years ago
Died
September 24th, 1947 77 years ago — 86 years old

A historian and author, contributed extensively to the understanding of American history. Focused on early American history, particularly the colonial period and the founding of the United States. Published works include 'A Constitutional History of the United States', providing analysis of the development of the American constitutional framework. Served as a professor at the University of Michigan, influencing generations of students and scholars.

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Rudolf Steiner

Austrian philosopher and author of Anthroposophy
Born
1861 164 years ago
Died
March 30th, 1925 100 years ago — 64 years old

Developed anthroposophy, integrating spiritual science with education, agriculture, and the arts. Founded the Waldorf school movement in 1919, emphasizing holistic education. Established biodynamic agriculture methods that prioritize sustainable farming practices. Contributed to the arts with a unique approach to eurythmy, a performance art combining movement with speech and music. Published numerous works on philosophy, pedagogy, and spirituality.

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