What Happened This Year 1863

Historical Events from This Year 1863

Politics & Government

Christian IX Declares Schleswig Part of Denmark

November 18th, 1863 161 years ago

King Christian IX of Denmark signed the November constitution, asserting that Schleswig was part of Denmark. This action was viewed as a breach of the London Protocol by the German Confederation, instigating tensions that led to the German–Danish War of 1864. The Danish government aimed to solidify its control over the disputed territory, igniting a conflict that would have significant implications for both Denmark and Germany.

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Politics & Government

Lincoln's Gettysburg Address at Cemetery Dedication

November 19th, 1863 161 years ago

President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address during the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery, honoring the Union soldiers who fought in the Battle of Gettysburg. The address, lasting just over two minutes, emphasized the principles of human equality and the importance of preserving the Union. Lincoln's words reminded the audience of the sacrifices made during the Civil War and redefined the purpose of the conflict, making it a new birth of freedom.

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Military & Warfare

Battle of Chattanooga Begins with Union Counterattack

November 23rd, 1863 161 years ago

Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grant launched a crucial counter-offensive against Confederate troops entrenched in Chattanooga, Tennessee. The engagement was part of a larger campaign for control of the region and aimed to regain strategic advantages after setbacks. The Union army aimed to break the Confederate siege and secure a vital supply line, which was essential for their operations in the South.

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Military & Warfare

Union Forces Capture Lookout Mountain

November 24th, 1863 161 years ago

Union forces, commanded by General Ulysses S. Grant, captured Lookout Mountain near Chattanooga, Tennessee, marking a pivotal moment in the American Civil War. The successful assault on this strategic elevation was part of a larger campaign aimed at breaking the Confederate siege led by General Braxton Bragg. The battle was noted for its dramatic fighting conditions, including steep terrain and fog, which added to the challenges faced by the Union troops.

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Military & Warfare

Union Victory at Missionary Ridge

November 25th, 1863 161 years ago

Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant achieved a significant victory at Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, breaking the Confederate siege of Chattanooga. The battle marked a turning point in the Civil War, as Union troops successfully routed those commanded by General Braxton Bragg. This decisive engagement showcased the effectiveness of Grant's leadership and the resolve of the Union army, contributing to the overall momentum of the North in the conflict.

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Cultural Traditions

Lincoln Proclaims National Thanksgiving Day

November 26th, 1863 161 years ago

President Abraham Lincoln officially proclaimed November 26 as a national day of Thanksgiving to be celebrated annually on the last Thursday of November. This decision was influenced by Sarah Josepha Hale's persistent advocacy. Lincoln’s proclamation sought to unify a nation amidst the Civil War by giving thanks for the harvest and expressing gratitude for the blessings received. His call for a countrywide observance aimed to encourage the citizens to come together in appreciation and reflection.

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Military & Warfare

Union and Confederate Forces Clash at Mine Run

November 27th, 1863 161 years ago

Union forces under General George Meade collected their troops to confront Confederate soldiers led by General Robert E. Lee near Mine Run in Virginia. The positioning set the stage for a confrontation as both sides sought to gain an advantage in the ongoing conflict. Known for its strategic implications, the impending battle highlighted the continued struggle for dominance in the area. The Union aimed to break through the Confederate lines, while Lee prepared to defend his positions.

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Military & Warfare

John Hunt Morgan's Daring Prison Escape

November 27th, 1863 161 years ago

Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan, known for his bold raids during the American Civil War, orchestrated a remarkable escape from the Ohio Penitentiary. Morgan and several of his men utilized tunneling techniques to break free from the prison and successfully made their way back to the South. Their escape was a significant endeavor that showcased their resourcefulness and highlighted the vulnerabilities within Union prisons.

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Military & Warfare

Union Victory at Fort Sanders in Knoxville

November 29th, 1863 161 years ago

Union forces under General Ambrose Burnside defended Knoxville, Tennessee, against a Confederate assault led by General James Longstreet during the Siege of Knoxville. The significant confrontation at Fort Sanders showcased the strategic advantages in fortification and troop positioning. Burnside’s troops were able to repel Longstreet's forces, ultimately securing Knoxville for the Union. This victory was crucial for maintaining supply lines and troop morale in the region as the war progressed.

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