What Happened This Year 1863

Born in 1863

Pierre de Coubertin

Founder of the International Olympic Committee
Born
January 1st, 1863 162 years ago
Died
September 2nd, 1937 87 years ago — 74 years old

An educator and historian focused on educational reform in France. Advocated for the revival of the ancient Olympic Games. Established the International Olympic Committee in 1894, leading to the first modern Olympics held in Athens in 1896. Promoted physical education and sports as a means of character building and global unity.

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Anna Murray Vail

American botanist and librarian
Born
January 7th, 1863 162 years ago
Died
1955 70 years ago — 92 years old

Vail contributed significantly to botany and education in the United States. She served as the first librarian of the New York Botanical Garden, where she developed and organized the library's resources to support scientific research and education. Vail also engaged in plant classification and contributed to the understanding of native flora. Her efforts helped to establish the garden as a leading center for botanical studies.

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Swami Vivekananda

Indian monk and philosopher, Vedanta leader
Born
January 12th, 1863 162 years ago
Died
July 4th, 1902 122 years ago — 39 years old

A key figure in the introduction of Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world. Played a significant role in the revival of Hinduism in India and the promotion of a universal approach to spirituality. Delivered a historic speech at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893, emphasizing tolerance and the acceptance of diverse religious practices. Founded the Ramakrishna Mission to provide social service and spiritual education. His teachings emphasized the importance of self-realization and the divinity within every individual.

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Manuel de Oliveira Gomes da Costa

Portuguese General and President
Born
January 14th, 1863 162 years ago
Died
December 17th, 1929 95 years ago — 66 years old

Served as the 10th President of Portugal from 1926 to 1927. Started a military career that included participating in various campaigns and eventual promotion through the ranks. Played a key role in the 1926 coup d'état that led to the establishment of a military dictatorship in Portugal. Focused on stabilizing the country during a period of turmoil and political instability.

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Richard F. Outcault

Illustrator of The Yellow Kid
Born
January 14th, 1863 162 years ago
Died
September 25th, 1928 96 years ago — 65 years old

An American author and illustrator, recognized for creating the comic strip The Yellow Kid, which became a significant part of the development of the comic strip genre. The character of The Yellow Kid first appeared in the New York World in 1895, contributing to the rise of yellow journalism in American media. Outcault's work helped popularize the comic strip format, influencing future generations of artists and writers. In addition to The Yellow Kid, other notable works included Buster Brown, which further established Outcault's reputation in the field of cartooning.

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Wilhelm Marx

Chancellor of Germany, lawyer
Born
January 15th, 1863 162 years ago
Died
August 5th, 1946 78 years ago — 83 years old

Born in 1863, this individual served as the 17th Chancellor of Germany. During tenure from 1926 to 1928, policies were influenced by post-World War I recovery needs and internal political dynamics. A lawyer by training, played a significant role in legal and political frameworks during the Weimar Republic. Engaged in various legislative reforms and contributed to financial stabilization efforts amid economic challenges.

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Konstantin Stanislavski

Theater director and acting teacher
Born
January 17th, 1863 162 years ago
Died
August 7th, 1938 86 years ago — 75 years old

Developed a system of actor training and performance preparation that emphasizes the psychological motivation of characters. Founded the Moscow Art Theatre, becoming a prominent figure in early 20th-century theater. Helped bring to life the works of playwrights such as Anton Chekhov, particularly with productions of 'The Cherry Orchard' and 'Three Sisters'. His techniques laid the foundation for modern acting methods and influenced countless actors and directors around the world.

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David Lloyd George

Welsh Prime Minister and politician
Born
January 17th, 1863 162 years ago
Died
March 26th, 1945 79 years ago — 82 years old

Served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922. Played a significant role in domestic reforms and in the establishment of the welfare state. Instrumental in the negotiation of the Treaty of Versailles after World War I, which aimed to create lasting peace in Europe. His leadership during the war emphasized national mobilization and economic management. Associated with the Liberal Party, he contributed to numerous social reforms that shaped modern Britain.

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Werner Sombart

Economist and sociologist, Modern Capitalism
Born
January 19th, 1863 162 years ago
Died
May 18th, 1941 83 years ago — 78 years old

Contributed significantly to the fields of economics and sociology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Explored the development of modern capitalism and its societal implications. Authored numerous works, including 'Der moderne Kapitalismus', which analyzed the evolution and characteristics of capitalist economies. Engaged in the debate about capitalism's role in modern society and its relationship with socialism. Influenced later economic and sociological thought, particularly in Germany.

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