What Happened This Year 1864

Historical Events from This Year 1864

Military & Warfare

Prussian-Austrian Forces Overcome Danish Defenses

April 18th, 1864 160 years ago

In April 1864, a joint Prussian-Austrian army decisively defeated Danish forces at Dybbøl, marking a significant shift in control over Schleswig. The battle showcased advancements in military tactics and artillery, adding to the growing tensions in Northern Europe during this period. Following the defeat, Denmark faced international pressures and ultimately relinquished its claims over Schleswig in subsequent peace negotiations, solidifying Prussian influence in the region.

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Politics & Government

In God We Trust Inscription Authorized

April 22nd, 1864 160 years ago

The U.S. Congress passed the Coinage Act of 1864, which allowed the inscription 'In God We Trust' to be placed on U.S. coins. The act was fueled by a desire to acknowledge divine guidance amidst the Civil War. This marked a significant change in currency as it aimed to reflect the nation's reliance on God during tumultuous times. The inscription first appeared on the two-cent piece, a new denomination introduced to meet wartime coin shortages.

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Military & Warfare

Confederate Assault at Marks' Mills

April 25th, 1864 160 years ago

On April 25, 1864, a Confederate force of 8,000 soldiers launched a surprise attack on a Union garrison of 1,800 troops supported by wagon teamsters near Marks' Mills in Arkansas. The assault was a coordinated effort led by Confederate General John S. Marmaduke, aiming to secure vital supplies for his army and disrupt Union operations in the region. In the ensuing battle, the overwhelming Confederate numbers resulted in significant Union casualties, with 1,500 soldiers killed or wounded.

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Education & Academia

Theta Xi Fraternity is Founded at RPI

April 29th, 1864 160 years ago

Theta Xi fraternity was founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, making it notable as the only fraternity established during the American Civil War. Founded by a group of engineering students who sought brotherhood and support amidst the tumultuous atmosphere of the era, this fraternity emphasized camaraderie and academic excellence. The founding members envisioned a society that would enrich their college experience and foster lifelong connections.

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Military & Warfare

The Battle of the Wilderness Commences

May 5th, 1864 160 years ago

The Battle of the Wilderness began in Spotsylvania County, marking a significant clash between Union and Confederate forces. Led by Union General Ulysses S. Grant, the Union aimed to confront Confederate General Robert E. Lee and push further into Virginia. The dense underbrush and difficult terrain created challenges for both armies, leading to fierce combat and heavy casualties. This encounter would set the stage for ongoing military engagements in a campaign aimed at weakening Confederate resistance in the Eastern Theater of the Civil War.

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Transportation & Infrastructure

Launch of the City of Adelaide Clipper

May 7th, 1864 160 years ago

The City of Adelaide, the world's oldest surviving clipper ship, was launched by the shipbuilding company William Pile, Hay and Co. in Sunderland, England. This vessel was created to transport passengers and goods between Britain and Australia, symbolizing the growing maritime trade and connections of the period. The ship was designed with speed and efficiency in mind, a showcase of the innovative shipbuilding techniques of the time. Its launch marked a significant moment in maritime history, highlighting the importance of sailing ships in global trade networks.

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Military & Warfare

Grant's Army Shifts South from Wilderness

May 7th, 1864 160 years ago

The Army of the Potomac, led by General Ulysses S. Grant, disengaged from intense fighting at the Battle of the Wilderness. Following several days of brutal combat against Confederate forces under General Robert E. Lee, Grant decided to reposition his troops southward towards Spotsylvania Court House. This strategic move was aimed at outflanking Lee and preventing further losses, demonstrating Grant's aggressive approach and determination to keep the initiative against the Confederate Army.

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Military & Warfare

Danish Victory at the Battle of Heligoland

May 9th, 1864 160 years ago

The Battle of Heligoland witnessed the Danish navy clashing with the combined Austrian and Prussian fleets in a surprising naval engagement. This battle took place as part of the Second Schleswig War, where Denmark aimed to fend off the encroachment of Austria and Prussia into Danish territories. The Danish fleet, underestimating its adversaries, managed to outmaneuver the larger coalition fleet, achieving a significant naval victory that bolstered morale and demonstrated Danish naval capabilities. The battle had broader implications for the ensuing conflict, influencing strategies and alliances in the region.

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Military & Warfare

Fierce Combat at the Mule Shoe

May 12th, 1864 160 years ago

Union troops launched a brutal assault against a Confederate salient known as the 'Mule Shoe' during the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. The fighting was intense, particularly at a location dubbed 'the Bloody Angle', where both forces engaged in hand-to-hand combat. This clash exemplified the ferocity of the conflict as soldiers fought for control of a strategic position, impacting both morale and tactics as the war continued.

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