What Happened This Year 1865
People Who Died in 1865
William Henry Smyth
A Royal Navy officer served as a hydrographer, astronomer, and numismatist. Contributed to nautical charts and the understanding of celestial navigation. Authored 'The English County Histories' and 'A Solar System'. Engaged in mapping and surveying various parts of the world, enhancing maritime safety. Had a role in the establishment of the Royal Geographical Society and contributed knowledge to the fields of astronomy and numismatics.
Continue ReadingClementina Maude
Born in 1822, a prominent English portrait photographer. Focused on portraits, capturing the likenesses of family, friends, and domestic life. Worked primarily with collodion wet plates, gaining recognition for the quality and emotional depth of the images. Contributed significantly to the early development of photography as an art form in the Victorian era. Exhibited widely and became an influential figure in the photographic community, particularly known for intimate and softly lit images showcasing her subjects.
Continue ReadingLewis Powell
Born in 1844, a soldier and member of the Confederate Army. Participated in the plot to assassinate prominent officials during the American Civil War. Attempted to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward on April 14, 1865, the same night as the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. Captured and tried for murder, later executed by hanging.
Continue ReadingJames Beaumont Neilson
An engineer and businessman from Scotland, contributed significantly to the development of the hot blast process. This innovation revolutionized the production of iron and significantly increased the efficiency of blast furnaces. The process allowed for the use of less fuel in iron production, leading to lower costs and higher output. Established several foundries and ironworks, leading to improved manufacturing techniques.
Continue ReadingWilliam Hooker
An English botanist and academic, this individual contributed significantly to the field of botany during the 19th century. Appointed as professor of botany at the University of Glasgow, he established a botanical garden that became a center for plant studies. His vast work includes the comprehensive 'British Flora,' which cataloged the native plant species of Britain. He also served as director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, advancing the study and classification of plants.
Continue ReadingJoseph Paxton
An English gardener and architect, best known for designing The Crystal Palace, a massive glass and iron structure built for the 1851 Great Exhibition in London. This innovative design showcased the potential of industrial materials and construction techniques. Paxton's background as a gardener informed his approach to integrating natural elements within architectural spaces. His work on The Crystal Palace set a precedent for future architectural projects and influenced the design of similar structures worldwide. Beyond The Crystal Palace, also served as a Member of Parliament, demonstrating a commitment to public service and civic engagement. His contributions have had lasting significance within the fields of architecture and horticulture.
Continue ReadingSilas Soule
Served as a Union soldier during the Civil War. Witnessed the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864 and became a vocal critic of the actions taken by the Colorado militia. Reported the events to higher authorities, emphasizing the brutal treatment of Native Americans. His testimony played a significant role in the investigation of the massacre. Later, Soule's stance against such atrocities led to conflicts within military hierarchies and shaped perceptions of the treatment of Indigenous people in the United States. Soule's actions demonstrated a commitment to truth and accountability amidst widespread violence.
Continue ReadingSamuel Francis Du Pont
Born in 1803, served as an admiral in the United States Navy. Played a crucial role in the Union's naval strategy during the Civil War, particularly in the capture of Port Royal, South Carolina, which was an early and significant success for Union forces. Oversaw the development of naval operations and engineering during the war, contributing to advancements in naval tactics and ship design. Commanded a series of expeditions against Confederate ports and forts, demonstrating strategic military leadership.
Continue ReadingJohn Appold
An engineer focused on marine technology, contributed significantly to the development of screw propellers in the 19th century. This innovation enhanced the efficiency of ships, leading to increased speed and improved maneuverability. Engaged in multiple engineering projects, Appold's designs were instrumental in advancing naval architecture during the era. His work laid the groundwork for future maritime engineering solutions.
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